Weather and Climate Quiz
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Questions and Answers

As the difference between the air temperature and the dew point increases, the relative humidity _____.

  • remains constant and equal to 100%
  • increases
  • remains constant at a value less than 100%
  • decreases (correct)

The heat index (HI) is based on the apparent temperature, which is a combination of air temperature and _____.

  • cloud cover
  • solar intensity
  • relative humidity (correct)
  • wind speed

When naming clouds, the term "stratus", or "strato", means _____.

  • storm
  • low altitude
  • thick
  • layer (correct)

Nighttime radiation inversions occur on most _____.

<p>clear, calm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thin, wispy clouds blown by high winds into long streamers, called mare's tails, are _____.

<p>cirrus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seasons on Earth are regulated by _____.

<p>both the length of daylight hours and the angle sunlight strikes Earth's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warm, moist air moving over a cold surface produces _____.

<p>advection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maximum air temperature in a given day usually occurs _____.

<p>2-4 hours after maximum solar heating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called _____.

<p>condensation nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frost occurs when dew freezes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. ____.: The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January).

<p>annual range of temperature = The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January). mean (average) daily temperatures = The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight. mean (average) annual temperature = The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures. daily (diurnal) range of temperature = The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and becomes progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. ____.: ___The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight.

<p>annual range of temperature = The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January). mean (average) daily temperatures = The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight. mean (average) annual temperature = The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures. daily (diurnal) range of temperature = The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and becomes progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. ____.: ___The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures.

<p>annual range of temperature = The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January). mean (average) daily temperatures = The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight. mean (average) annual temperature = The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures. daily (diurnal) range of temperature = The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and becomes progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. ____.: ___The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and becomes progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.

<p>annual range of temperature = The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January). mean (average) daily temperatures = The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight. mean (average) annual temperature = The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures. daily (diurnal) range of temperature = The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and becomes progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Coriolis force is the force that causes the wind to blow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Falling raindrops are tear-shaped because that is the profile that minimizes air resistance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When naming clouds, the term "stratus" or "strato" means ____ clouds.

<p>layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nighttime radiation inversions occur on most ____ nights.

<p>clear, calm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As the air temperature decreases, the air's capacity for water vapor ____.

<p>decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cold and cloudy nights are warmer than cold and clear nights (other factors being equal) because ____.

<p>clouds absorb outgoing infrared energy and radiate it back to the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heat index ____.

<p>takes into account humidity and air temperature in expressing the current air temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A parcel of air expands and cools, or compresses and warms, with no interchange of heat with its outside surroundings. What is this called?

<p>adiabatic process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. 1. The horizontal transfer of any atmospheric property by wind. 2. The transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance. 3. The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid, such as water and air. 4. Energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves.

<p>Conduction = The transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance. Convection = The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid, such as water and air. Advection = The horizontal transfer of any atmospheric property by wind. Radiant energy (radiation) = Energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cloud type would be most likely to form in an unstable atmosphere?

<p>Cumulonimbus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The surface air around a strengthening low pressure area normally ____. While, above the system, the air normally ____.

<p>Converges; diverges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A parcel rises and cools by ____ C per 1000 m if its unsaturated.

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convection clouds form ____.

<p>by surface heating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A raindrop that freezes before reaching the ground is called ____.

<p>sleet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The wind around a surface low pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blows ____ the center.

<p>counterclockwise and inward toward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase "rain shadow" is associated with which type of precipitation?

<p>orographic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticyclonic flow means ____ in either the Northern hemisphere.

<p>circulation around a high pressure center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Earth’s gravitational force were to increase, atmospheric pressure at the ground would ____.

<p>increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward lower pressure ____.

<p>at all places on Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ____ wind blows at a constant speed parallel to straight line isobars, with the pressure gradient force (PGF) and the Coriolis force in balance.

<p>Geostrophic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____ force is an apparent force created by Earth’s rotation.

<p>Coriolis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. 1. The environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic rate. This results in a lifted parcel of air being warmer than the air around it. 2. The environmental lapse rate is less than the moist adiabatic rate. This results in a lifted parcel of air being colder than the air around it. 3. The environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic rate but greater than the moist adiabatic rate.

<p>Conditionally unstable atmosphere = The environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic rate but greater than the moist adiabatic rate. Absolutely unstable atmosphere = The environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic rate. Absolutely stable atmosphere = The environmental lapse rate is less than the moist adiabatic rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During El Nino events, surface waters are ____ in the tropical eastern Pacific.

<p>warmer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rule of contouring?

<p>Isopleths can stop in the middle of the map (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____ force is the force that causes wind to blow.

<p>Pressure gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an absolutely ____ environment, the lifted parcel of air is colder than the air surrounding it.

<p>stable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heat index is a combination of air temperature and ____.

<p>relative humidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ____ atmosphere, the environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate, but greater than the moist adiabatic rate.

<p>conditionally unstable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ____ atmosphere, the environmental lapse rate is greater than the moist and dry adiabatic rates.

<p>absolutely unstable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When ice forms, heat is ____ the surrounding environment.

<p>released and warms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A supercell storm is a(n) ____.

<p>intense long-lasting thunderstorm with a single violently rotating updraft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the model of the life cycle of a wave cyclone, the storm system is normally most intense as a(n) ____.

<p>mature cyclone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast? "Increasing high cloudiness and cold this morning. Clouds increasing and lowering this afternoon with a chance of snow or rain tonight. Precipitation ending tomorrow morning. Turning much warmer. Winds from the south and becoming southwesterly tomorrow."

<p>warm front (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maximum air temperature in a given day usually occurs ______ solar heating.

<p>2-4 hours after maximum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description. A - The difference in average temperature between the warmest month (often July in the Northern Hemisphere) and coldest month (often January). B - The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period - typically from midnight to midnight. C - The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures. D - The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is greatest next to the ground and become progressively smaller as we move away from the surface.

<p>annual range of temperature = D mean (average) daily temperature = B mean (average) annual temperature = C daily (diurnal) range of temperature = A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each process with the appropriate description. A - An atmospheric condition that exists when the environmental lapse rate is greater than the dry adiabatic rate. This results in a lifted parcel of air being warmer than the air around it. B - An atmospheric condition that exists when the environmental lapse rate is less than the moist adiabatic rate. This results in a lifted parcel of air being colder than the air around it.C - An atmospheric condition that exists when the environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic rate but greater than the moist adiabatic rate.

<p>conditionally unstable atmosphere = C absolutely stable atmosphere = B absolutely unstable atmosphere = A</p> Signup and view all the answers

A parcel rises and cools by ______ °C per 1000 m if it is saturated.

<p>10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the weather we are familiar with on Earth occurs in the ______.

<p>troposphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When naming clouds, the term 'stratus', or 'strato', means _____ clouds.

<p>Layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each item with the appropriate description.

<p>Conduction = The transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance Convection = The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid, such as water and air Advection = The horizontal transfer of any atmospheric property by wind Radiant energy (radiation) = Energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each word to its correct definition/description.

<p>'Cirrus' or 'cirro' = Composed of ice crystals in the form of thin, white, featherlike clouds in patches, filaments, or narrow bands 'Cumulus' or 'cumulo' = A cloud in the form of individual, detached domes or towers that are usually dense and well defined. 'Stratus' or 'strato' = A low, gray cloud layer with a rather uniform base. 'Alto' = Middle layer clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each cloud description to the correct name of the cloud.

<p>Lenticular clouds = A cloud in the shape of a lens Cumulonimbus clouds = Frequently accompanied by heavy showers, lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail. Nimbostratus clouds = A dark, gray cloud characterized by more or less continuously falling precipitation. It is rarely accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail. Altostratus clouds = A middle cloud composed of gray or bluish sheets or layers of uniform appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'meteorology' goes back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who, about 340 B.C., wrote a book called what?

<p>Meteorologica</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are contour lines on a map that connect points with equal pressure called?

<p>Isopleths</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when the state of the atmosphere when there is a balance between the vertical pressure gradient force and the downward pull of gravity?

<p>Geostrophic balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The serious brush fires that occur in southern California in autumn are often driven by _____ winds.

<p>Santa Ana</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thunder is caused by _____.

<p>The rapid heating of air surrounding a lightning channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of weather front is being shown in the image?

<p>Cold front (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current atmospheric pressure according to this station model?

<p>996 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a mid-latitude cyclone forms and moves along the polar front in a wave-like manner, the developing storm is referred to as a(n) _____.

<p>Frontal wave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a boundary that separates warm, dry air from warm, moist air.

<p>Dryline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A line of thunderstorms that forms ahead of an advancing cold front is called a _____.

<p>Squall line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each letter with the correct air mass name. Fill in each letter for each question on your bubble sheet.

<p>Air mass A = Maritime polar Air mass B = Continental arctic Air mass C = Continental polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sea breeze circulation will reverse direction and become a land breeze circulation _____.

<p>Once per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'weather' is defined as _____.

<p>The condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The freezing of pure water is 32° on the _____ scale.

<p>Fahrenheit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The absolute temperature scale that contains no negative numbers is the _____ which makes it convenient for scientific computing.

<p>Kelvin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earth's first atmosphere (approximately 4.6 billion years ago) was most likely composed of _____.

<p>Hydrogen and helium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas in the upper atmosphere shields Earth's surface from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays?

<p>Ozone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atmospheric concentrations of _____ can vary significantly depending on time and location.

<p>Water vapor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greenhouse effect is directly enhanced (made stronger) by _____.

<p>Addition of water vapor to the atmosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vertical profile of _____ is variable in each layer of Earth's atmosphere.

<p>Air temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is higher than the air pressure at sea level.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All things with a temperature above absolute zero emit energy no matter how big or small.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three necessary ingredients for thunderstorm development are moisture, stability, and _____.

<p>A Lifting Mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Image Description

A textual representation of a visual image, providing context.

Visual Representation

The use of images to depict information.

Image Analysis

Critical examination of an image for meaning and context.

Information Visualization

Using visual elements to represent complex data.

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Data Presentation

Displaying data in a clear and understandable manner.

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Image Format

A specific structure for storing digital images.

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Image Resolution

The detail or clarity of an image.

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Image Editing

Altering images to improve or change them.

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Multimedia

Combination of text, audio, video, and images.

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Visual Communication

Using visuals to convey information or ideas.

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Relative humidity

The amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.

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Heat index

A measure of how hot it feels to the human body when factoring in humidity, reflecting the combined effect of temperature and humidity.

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Stratus

A cloud type characterized by flat, layered, and often featureless appearance.

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Nighttime radiation inversion

A condition where temperature increases with altitude near the ground at night, leading to cooler air near the surface.

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Cirrus clouds

High-altitude clouds with a wispy, feathery appearance.

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Earth's Seasons

Seasonal changes on Earth are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis, leading to varying lengths of daylight hours and the angle of sunlight.

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Advection Fog

Fog formed when warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface.

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Air's Water Vapor Capacity

The maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a specific temperature.

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Clouds on Warm Nights

Clouds act as a blanket, absorbing outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth and radiating some back, keeping the surface warmer.

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Maximum Air Temperature

The highest temperature reached during a day, typically a few hours after the sun's peak intensity.

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Condensation Nuclei

Tiny particles in the air that act as surfaces for water vapor to condense on, forming clouds.

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Heat Index

A combination of air temperature and humidity, giving a perceived temperature that reflects how hot it feels to the human body.

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Adiabatic Process

A process where a parcel of air expands and cools or compresses and warms without exchanging heat with its surroundings.

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Unstable Atmosphere

An atmosphere where a rising air parcel is warmer than its surroundings, leading to continued rising.

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Low Pressure Area

An area with lower atmospheric pressure compared to surrounding areas, characterized by converging (inward) airflow at the surface.

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Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate

The rate at which unsaturated air cools as it rises due to expansion and is approximately 10°C per 1000 meters.

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Wind Around a Low Pressure Center

In the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow counterclockwise and inward toward the low pressure center.

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Orographic Precipitation

Precipitation caused by air being forced to rise over mountains, leading to cooling and condensation.

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Anticyclonic Flow

Clockwise circulation of air around a high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Atmospheric Pressure

The weight of the atmosphere pressing down on a surface.

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Pressure Gradient Force

The force responsible for wind, directed from areas of higher pressure towards areas of lower pressure.

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Geostrophic Wind

A wind that blows parallel to straight line isobars with a constant speed, with the Coriolis force and pressure gradient force in balance.

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Coriolis Force

An apparent force caused by Earth's rotation, deflecting moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

The rate at which saturated air cools as it rises, typically around 6°C per 1000 meters.

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Convection Clouds

Clouds formed when warm, moist air rises due to convection, resulting in cooling, condensation, and cloud formation.

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Sleet

Precipitation that starts as snow then melts partially before refreezing as it falls through a layer of below-freezing air.

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Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

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Atmospheric CO2

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

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Weather

The state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, including temperature, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness.

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Fahrenheit

A temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 32° and the boiling point is 212°.

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Vertical Profile of Air Temperature

The way air temperature changes with altitude, varying in different layers of Earth's atmosphere.

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Advection Fog

Fog formed when warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface.

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El Nino

A climate pattern characterized by unusually warm surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.

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Contouring Rules

Guidelines for accurately and consistently representing data using contour lines, ensuring clarity and precision.

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Pressure Gradient Force

The force that causes wind to blow, pushing from areas of high pressure towards areas of low pressure.

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Stable Atmosphere

An atmosphere where a rising air parcel is colder than its surroundings, leading to sinking and preventing further vertical development.

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Heat Index

A combination of air temperature and humidity, giving a perceived temperature that reflects how hot it feels to the human body.

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Conditionally Unstable Atmosphere

An atmosphere where a rising air parcel is warmer than its surroundings only if it's saturated (moist).

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Absolutely Unstable Atmosphere

An atmosphere where a rising air parcel is always warmer than its surroundings, regardless of moisture content.

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Air Pressure and Altitude

Air pressure decreases as you go higher in the atmosphere.

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Heat Transfer Methods

Different ways heat energy can move from one place to another.

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Monsoon Season

A season characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, and a significant change in wind direction.

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Temperature Range

The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures observed over a specific period.

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Cloud Types

Clouds are categorized based on their altitude, shape, and appearance.

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Cumulonimbus Clouds

Thunderstorm clouds, characterized by towering vertical development, heavy precipitation, and often lightning and hail.

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Supercell Storm

A powerful, long-lasting thunderstorm with a single, rotating updraft, capable of producing heavy rain, hail, tornadoes, and strong winds.

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Wave Cyclone Life Cycle

The process of a wave cyclone as it develops, matures, and weakens, moving throughout its lifecycle.

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Air Pressure at Summit of Mount Everest

The air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is much lower than the pressure at sea level.

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The Coriolis Effect

An apparent force caused by Earth's rotation, deflecting moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

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The Greenhouse Effect

The warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere due to the trapping of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases.

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The Ozone Layer

A region in the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone, which protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

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Study Notes

Quiz Questions and Answers

  • Question 1: As the difference between air temperature and dew point increases, relative humidity...
    • a. decreases
  • Question 2: The heat index (Hi) is based on the apparent temperature, which is a combination of...
    • a. air temperature and relative humidity
  • Question 3: When naming clouds, the term "stratus" or "strato" means...
    • a. layer
  • Question 4: Nighttime radiation inversions occur most often on...
    • a. clear, calm nights
  • Question 5: Thin, wispy clouds blown by high winds into long streamers, called mare's tails, are...
    • c. cirrus
  • Question 6: Seasons on Earth are regulated by...
    • b. both the length of daylight hours and the angle sunlight strikes Earth's surface
  • Question 7: Warm, moist air moving over a cold surface produces...
    • d. advection fog
  • Question 10: Maximum air temperature in a given day usually occurs...
    • b. 2-4 hours after maximum solar heating
  • Question 11: Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called...
    • c. condensation nuclei
  • Question 12: The heat index...
    • d. takes into account humidity and air temperature in expressing the current air temperature
  • Question 13: annual range of temperature...
    • a. The difference in average temperature between the warmest month and coldest month
  • Question 14: mean (average) daily temperatures...
    • b. The average of the highest and lowest temperature observed in a given 24-hour period
  • Question 15: mean (average) annual temperature...
    • c. The average temperature of any station for the entire year, which represents the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures
  • Question 16: daily (diurnal) range of temperature...
    • d. The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature
  • Question 17: Frost occurs when dew freezes.
    • a. True
  • Question 18: The Coriolis force is the force that causes the wind to blow.
    • b. False
  • Question 19: Falling raindrops are tear-shaped because that is the profile that minimizes air resistance.
    • a. True
  • Question 20: A parcel of air expands and cools, or compresses and warms, with no interchange of heat with its outside surroundings
    • c. adiabatic process

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Description

Test your knowledge on weather phenomena and climate concepts in this engaging quiz. From understanding relative humidity to types of clouds, this quiz covers essential elements of atmospheric science. Perfect for students in meteorology or anyone interested in weather patterns!

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