Untitled Quiz

Introduction to Cyber Security

• Cyber security is a crucial field in today's digital world.
• The book "Introduction to Cyber Security" by Jeetendra Pande covers various aspects of cyber security.
• The book discusses the history of the internet to Cyber Crimes.
• It also explains different types of malware and cybercrimes.
• The book details various cyber security techniques such as authentication, encryption and firewall.
• Lastly the book explains how to investigate cybercrimes.

Index (Page 4)

• Covers sections on the history of the internet, cybercrime classifications, malware types, and different kinds of cybercrime.
• Contains page numbers for each section.

1.1 Introduction (Page 8)

• Internet is a crucial invention of the 21st century, significantly impacting every aspect of life.
• Technology has made many tasks more accessible and convenient.
• Cost of communication and information has decreased.
• Example tasks performed via internet: paying bills, shopping, communication etc.
• Internet allows users to stay connected 24/7.

1.1.1 History of Internet (Page 8)

• The first satellite Sputnik was launched in 1957 by Russia.
• The United States responded in 1960s with the formation of ARPANET.
• ARPANET was designed for communication even if parts of the network malfunctioned.
• The first message over the internet was rudimentary, just "LOGIN".
• ARPANET led to the development of protocols (TCP/IP).
• NSFnet was created in 1986 to allow connections between universities and research centers.
• National Science Foundation (NSF) helped to expand the internet to commercial usage.
• The subsequent evolution of internet led to the World Wide Web.

1.1.1.1 Internet Addresses (Page 10)

• Internet addresses, or IPs, are unique, 32-bit binary numbers (dotted decimal format).
• Assigned by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
• Consist of four parts separated by dots called “octets”.
• Categorized into five major classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on range.

1.1.1.2 DNS (Page 11)

• Internet uses domain names (e.g., www.uou.ac.in) for easier access.
• Domain Name System (DNS) translates these human-readable domain names to machine-readable IP addresses.

1.1.1.3 Internet Infrastructure (Page 12)

• The internet is a network of networks.
• Its global reach is made possible by interconnected networks and protocols.
• In 1992, "The Internet Society" was formed to deal with regulations and protocols for global network.

1.1.1.4 World Wide Web (Page 13)

• The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents.
• Makes information available online in various formats.
• Enables easy and fast retrieval of information, and has become a crucial part of our daily life.

1.2 Introduction to Cyber Crime (Page 15)

• Cybercrime is a growing area of concern globally causing many problems.
• Cyber attacks can harm individuals and organizations in many ways.
• The focus shifted from physically damaging a computer to causing financial loss and reputational damage.
• Cybersecurity incidents are rising exponentially causing huge financial losses.

1.2.1 Classification of Cyber Crimes (Page 16)

• Cybercrimes are categorized into insider attacks and external attacks.

1.2.2 Reasons for Commission of Cyber Crimes (Page 17)

• Cybercrimes are committed for various reasons: money, revenge, opportunity for recognition or to show off one's skills, and anonymity.

1.3 Malware and types (Page 18)

• Malware is malicious software designed to take advantage of a computer without permission.
• Types of Malware: adware, spyware, browser hijacking software, viruses, worms, Trojan horse, and scareware.

1.4 Kinds of Cyber Crime (Page 21)

• Different types of cybercrime acts such as cyber stalking, child pornography, forgery, software piracy, cyber terrorism, phishing, computer vandalism, hacking, etc.

2.1 Authentication (Page 25)

• Verification of a user's identity is essential for security.
• Common methods involve username and password.
• Two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security using OTP.
• Biometric data and physical tokens are also used as additional methods.

2.2 Encryption (Page 26)

• Ensures data confidentiality during transmission.
• Encrypts data into unreadable format.
• Encryption makes original data difficult to understand for unauthorized access.
• Asymmetric key encryption uses a pair of keys (public and private) to secure communication.

2.3 Digital Signatures (Page 27)

• Validates data, verifies the authenticity of the sender, ensures data tampering cannot occur.
• Digital signatures use the private key of the sender to encrypt data along with the message.
• This encrypted data can be decrypted at the receiving end using the sender’s public key.

2.4 Antivirus (Page 28)

• Antivirus protects the computer from malware.
• Regularly upadtes its database to combat the latest threats.
• Antivirus protects the devices from viruses, worms, trojan horses etc.

2.5 Firewall (Page 30)

• Firewalls control incoming and outgoing network traffic as a security measure.
• It blocks unauthorized access to the network.

2.6 Steganography (Page 31)

• Hiding secret messages inside other files is called steganography.
• It's a technique for covert communication without detection.

3.1 Computer Forensics (Page 32)

• Computer forensics is the scientific investigation of computer crimes.
• It involves collecting, preserving, and analyzing digital evidence.

5.1 Cyber Security Initiatives in India (Page 46)

• India is facing a growing need for skilled cybersecurity professionals.
• National and international initiatives are crucial for improving cybersecurity infrastructure.

5.2 Counter Cyber Security Initiatives in India (Page 47)

• Government of India has implemented various initiatives to mitigate cyberattacks such as NCTC, NISAP, CERT-In and IUSCSF.

6.1 Generating Secure Passwords (Page 51)

• Discusses the importance of strong passwords and provides guidelines.
• Emphasizes use of random combinations and avoid common passwords.

6.2 Using Password Manager (Page 55/56)

• Password managers are software utilities that simplify password management.
• Explains their benefits: security, convenience, ease of use.

6.3 Enabling Two–Step Verification (Page 62)

• Two–step verification is an enhanced user authentication measure providing an additional layer of security.
• It verifies your identity by requiring extra validation such as a verification code.

7.1 Configuring Firewalls on Mac Computers (Page 74/75)

• Discusses the steps to allow and deny specific communications via the firewall.
• Mac computers come equipped with built in firewalls that are configurable.

7.2 Working with Windows Firewalls (Page 77)

• Windows firewalls manage network traffic between the computer and the internet.
• There are inbound and outbound rules defining access.
• It is advised to enable firewall's full stealth ability and boot time filtering for best security.

8.1 Finding the best browser (Page 88/89)

• Selecting a suitable browser based on user requirements and computer specifications is important.
• Tabbed browsers: Safari, Firefox, Opera.
• Consideration of mobile devices, operating system, bandwidth.
• Less resource/memory hungry browsers can be considered.

9.1 Safe Browsing (Page 93)-

• Important aspects for safe internet browsing.
• Identifying secure websites/connections using the HTTPS protocol, padlock icon.

9.2 Tips for Buying Online (Page 94/95)

• Essential information about protecting yourself in the online purchasing process.
• Secure websites, business reputation, checking website details.
• Importance of carefully reviewing contract terms (returns policies).

9.3 Clearing Cache for Browsers (Page 95/100)

• Discusses cache clearing as an approach to improve browsing speed and performance.
• Explains the steps to clear browsing data, cookies in Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer & Opera.
• Use these different steps to clear browsing data correctly on those specified browsers.

9.3.1 Clearing Cache for Chrome Browsers (Page 96/99/100)

• Provides steps to clear data in Chrome browsers for faster performance.

9.3.2 Clearing Cache for Chrome Browsers (Page 99)

• Clear browser cache steps for Chrome less than version 10.

9.3.3 Clearing Cache for Safari (Page 101/102/103)

• Steps for clearing Safari cache for iOS, iPhone and iPad.

9.3.4 Clearing Cache for Safari (Pages 102/103)

• Steps to clear Safari cache on Macs

9.3.5 Clearing Cache for Safari (Page 104)

• Safari's cache clearing steps on windows.

9.3.6 Clearing Cache for Internet Explorer (Page 105)

• Steps to clear I.E cache on different versions (9,10,11)

9.3.7 Clearing Cache for Internet Explorer (Page 107)

• Steps to clear I.E cache on Version 8

9.3.8 Clearing Cache for Firefox (Page 111/112)

• Steps to clear cache in Firefox

9.3.10 Clearing Cache for Opera (Page 114)

• How to clear cache in Opera.

9.3.11 Clearing cache for Ccleaner (Page 114/115)

• How to clear cache using Ccleaner.

10.1 What is Wireless LAN? (Page 116)

• Describes Wireless LAN (WLAN) as a way of communication.
• Highlighted benefits of wireless networks include convenient, cost-effective and easy maintenance.

10.2 Major Issues With WLAN (Pages 117/118)

• Various attacks and vulnerabilities of WLANs such as sniffing , key cracking, DoS attacks, unauthorized access .
• Different ways to make WLAN secure.

11.1 Safe Browsing Guidelines for Social Networking Sites (Page 122/123/124/125)

• Discusses safe practices and potential risks of social networks' usage.

11.1.1 General Tips on using Social Networking platforms (Page 123/124)

• Provides best practices, security awareness and safe usage tips on social media platforms.
• Discussing importance of privacy and security of information posted on social media platforms.

11.1.2-11.1.6 Social Networking site tips (Pages 124 to 127)

• Safety tips for various important social networking sites functionality such as sharing posts, revealing location, sharing images , etc.

11.2 Email Security Tips (Pages 127/128)

• Provides rules and tips to keep your email safe and avoid scams.
• Discusses the significance of secure passwords, and precautions against phishing.

12.1 Introduction to Smartphone Security (Page 129)

• Provides the advantages and importance of smartphones in today's digital landscape.
• Highlights the potential security vulnerabilities and risks associated with using smartphones

12.2 Smartphone Security Guidelines-Part 1(Pages 130-133)

• Discusses the value of controlling personal data on a mobile device, offering best practice tools and setup examples of security.

12.2.2.1-12.2.2.4 Setup,Installation and communication (Pages 132-133)

• Discusses setup, installation, and communications using different platforms of mobile phones.
• Providing information about different OS types (iOS, Android).
• Highlighting the importance of using different security apps.

12.2.3 Communicating securely via voice and messages(Pages 133-137)

• Encourages secure communication using appropriate tools and settings (SMS and VoIP).

12.2.3.1-12.2.3.7 Sending Messages Securely(Pages 137/138)

• Discussing different applications(VoIP,SMS etc..) and how they can be used securely to avoid security breaches.

6.4 Securing Computer Using Free Antivirus (Page 72)

• Mentions several highly-rated free antivirus options for general use.