Waves Test Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Draw a transverse wave and label the following parts: amplitude, wavelength, crest, and trough.

Draw and label a longitudinal wave. Include compression, rarefaction, and wavelength.

Give examples of the waves drawn in #1 and #2.

Examples of a transverse wave are water waves and light waves; examples of a longitudinal wave are sound waves and a slinky being pushed back and forth.

In a sound wave, what are compressions and rarefactions?

<p>Compressions are when air molecules are pushed together; rarefactions are when they are spread apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bow wave and how is it created?

<p>A bow wave is when crests overlap edges, creating a V shape, and occurs when a wave source moves faster than the wave it produces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sonic boom?

<p>A sonic boom is the sharp crack heard when the shock wave from a supersonic aircraft reaches the listener.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the wavelength of a standing wave?

<p>One wavelength of a standing wave is the length of one complete S shape of the wave, which includes two antinodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the movement of a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.

<p>A transverse wave oscillates perpendicular to the direction it moves, while a longitudinal wave vibrates in the same direction as the wave moves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of all wave motion?

<p>Vibrations of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say that frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional?

<p>It means that when frequency increases, wavelength decreases and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are harmonics and what is the lowest natural frequency called on a standing wave?

<p>Harmonics are other natural frequencies of a vibrating string; the lowest natural frequency is called the fundamental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of wavelength?

<p>Wavelength is the distance from any point on a wave to the same point on the next cycle of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you find the speed of a wave?

<p>Use the formula v = fƛ, where v is speed, f is frequency, and ƛ is wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a sound wave has a 450 Hz frequency and a wavelength of 3 meters, what is the speed of the wave?

<p>V = 1350 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wave has a frequency of 600 Hz and a speed of 20 m/s. What is its wavelength?

<p>ƛ = 0.0333 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sound wave has a wavelength of 5 m in room temperature air. What is its frequency?

<p>F = 68 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 different actions a wave can take when it encounters an object?

Signup and view all the answers

Explain or define each of the 4 actions a wave can take when it encounters an object.

<p>Reflection: The wave bounces and changes direction; Refraction: The wave bends as it passes through an object; Diffraction: The wave bends around an object; Absorption: The wave is absorbed and disappears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would a theater use curtains to reduce echoes during performances?

<p>To absorb sound waves so the audience cannot hear backstage noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is constructive interference?

<p>Constructive interference occurs when waves add up to make a larger amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is destructive interference?

<p>Destructive interference occurs when waves add up to make a wave with a smaller or zero amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when waves are in phase?

<p>Waves are in phase when the crest of one wave is at the same point as the crest of another wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when waves are out of phase?

<p>Waves are out of phase when their crests and troughs do not line up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a school's marching band is practicing behind the school, why are students able to hear the band in the front of the school?

<p>Because of diffraction, sound bends around obstacles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noise cancelling headphones are a form of what kind of interference?

<p>Destructive interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Typically, how fast does sound travel?

<p>340 m/s or 660 miles per hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain in detail the Doppler Effect.

<p>The Doppler Effect states that as a wave approaches, an observer encounters waves with a higher frequency. As the wave source moves away, an observer encounters waves with a lower frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does the Doppler Effect only apply to sound waves?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Doppler Effect, what property of waves is changing?

<p>The frequency changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a sound source moves toward you, what happens to the wave speed?

<p>The wave speed stays the same at 340 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pitch of a sound is directly related to the sound's what?

<p>Frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you measure the loudness of sound?

<p>By looking at the amplitude or measuring it in decibels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of material do waves travel the fastest?

<ol> <li>Solid, 2) Liquid, 3) Gas.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what resonance is.

<p>Resonance occurs when periodic force matches the natural frequency of a system, leading to a dramatic increase in amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an aircraft flies faster than the speed of sound?

<p>It creates a sonic boom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave is a sound wave?

<p>A sound wave is a longitudinal wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What about a water wave?

<p>A water wave is a transverse wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many wavelengths are shown if given a picture of a transverse wave?

Signup and view all the answers

Below is a standing wave that is 7 meters long. What harmonic is represented in the diagram?

<p>6th harmonic is represented in the diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many nodes are seen?

<p>7 nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many antinodes are represented?

<p>6 antinodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the wavelength of this standing wave.

<p>2.33 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a transverse wave, how many wavelengths are represented?

<p>2 ½ wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the v if ƛ = 8 m and f = 20 Hz?

<p>V = 160 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ƛ if v = 50 m/s and f = 25 Hz?

<p>ƛ = 2 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the f if v = 50 m/s and ƛ = 10 m?

<p>F = 5 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the v if ƛ = 1 m and f = 345 Hz?

<p>V = 345 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ƛ if v = 100 m/s and f = 3 Hz?

<p>ƛ = 33.33 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the f if v = 120 m/s and ƛ = 3 m?

<p>F = 40 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the v if ƛ = 3 m and f = 10 Hz?

<p>V = 30 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ƛ if v = 345 m/s and f = 790 Hz?

<p>ƛ = 0.44 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the f if v = 345 m/s and ƛ = 0.25 m?

<p>F = 1380 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joe the whistle maker knows that the maximum volume for a whistle will occur if the length of the whistle is exactly ¼ of the wavelength. If Joe must make a whistle that plays at a pitch of 320 Hz, how long will the whistle be?

<p>0.27 m or 27 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the wavelength of KAJA radio whose broadcast frequency is 97.1 MHz?

<p>ƛ = 3.09 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the velocity of sound at 340 m/s and given the frequencies of a piano scale, compute the wavelengths of that scale.

Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the frequencies of notes C4 and C#5?

<p>It doubled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the wavelengths of notes C4 and C#5?

<p>They are ½ of each other or divided by 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the wavelength as the frequency increased between notes C4 and C#5?

<p>It decreased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wave Types and Characteristics

  • Transverse Wave: Features include amplitude, crest (highest point), trough (lowest point), and wavelength (distance between crests).
  • Longitudinal Wave: Consists of compressions (areas where particles are close) and rarefactions (areas where particles are spaced out).

Examples of Waves

  • Transverse wave examples: Water waves and light waves.
  • Longitudinal wave examples: Sound waves and slinky movement.

Wave Phenomena

  • Bow Wave: V-shaped wave pattern created when the wave source moves faster than the wave speed.
  • Sonic Boom: A shock wave produced when an object exceeds the speed of sound, resulting in a sharp sound.

Wave Measurement

  • Wavelength Definition: Distance between identical points on consecutive waves, represented by the Greek letter lambda (ƛ).
  • Speed of a wave calculated using the formula v = fƛ, where v is speed, f is frequency, and ƛ is wavelength.

Wave Behavior and Interactions

  • Waves can reflect, refract, diffract, or get absorbed when encountering objects.
  • Reflection: Wave bounces back.
  • Refraction: Wave bends while passing through an object.
  • Diffraction: Wave bends around obstacles or through openings.
  • Absorption: Wave energy is taken in, reducing its amplitude.

Sound Waves and Interference

  • Constructive Interference: Waves combine to produce a larger amplitude.
  • Destructive Interference: Waves combine to reduce amplitude or cancel each other out.

Doppler Effect

  • Describes changes in frequency as a wave source moves toward or away from an observer.
  • Applies to both sound and light waves, leading to perceived frequency shifts.

Properties of Waves

  • Speed of sound in air is approximately 340 m/s (660 miles per hour).
  • Pitch of a sound correlates directly with frequency; louder sounds have greater amplitude.

Wave Speed in Different Materials

  • Waves travel fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.

Resonance

  • Occurs when a periodic force matches an object's natural frequency, drastically increasing amplitude.

Harmonics in Standing Waves

  • Fundamental frequency: Lowest frequency of a standing wave.
  • Harmonics: Higher natural frequencies related to the fundamental frequency.

Practical Applications and Examples

  • Sound perception in environments: Sound can diffract, allowing it to be heard around obstacles.
  • Noise-cancellation technology: Uses destructive interference principles.

Calculations and Wavelength Relationships

  • Relationships between frequency and wavelength illustrated through calculations, showing inverse relationships (when frequency increases, wavelength decreases).
  • Example calculations provided for finding speed, wavelength, and frequency given specific values.

Music and Frequency Relationships

  • Example of pitch relationship between musical notes: The frequency of successive notes can double, resulting in halving the wavelength.

Study Tips for Waves Test

  • Focus on understanding wave types, properties, and interactions.
  • Practice calculating speed, frequency, and wavelength using the provided formulas.
  • Ensure familiarity with key terms and their definitions.

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Description

Prepare for your upcoming Waves test with this study guide featuring flashcards. You'll learn to draw and label transverse and longitudinal waves, including key components such as amplitude, crest, and compressions. Additionally, discover real-world examples of these wave types to enhance your understanding.

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