COPY: Waves: Properties and Behaviors

What happens to the amount of diffraction as the wavelength of a wave increases?

Diffraction is only noticeable when an opening is much larger than the wavelength of the wave.

What principle states that every point of a wave front can be considered a secondary source of wavelets?

When the source, obstacle, and screen are far apart, the diffraction is termed ________ diffraction.

According to Huygens' principle, how to secondary wavelets spread?

When waves encounter the edge of an obstacle, the waves do not spread out.

Match the type of diffraction with the description of source, obstacle and screen distances:

When the wavelength of the waves is smaller than the obstacle, no noticeable ________ occurs.

What is the resultant displacement when two waves with displacements $y_1$ and $y_2$ overlap?

In single-slit diffraction, what condition leads to complete darkness on a screen?

According to the principle of superposition, when two waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the product of the individual displacements.

Out-of-phase waves always reinforce each other, leading to constructive interference.

What is the term used when two waves arrive at a point in phase, reinforcing each other?

What is the term for the phenomenon where two or more waves overlap in space?

The ability to distinguish two objects through an optical instrument is limited by the ______ patterns caused by the aperture.

For total destructive interference to occur, two coherent waves of the same amplitude must be ______ out-of-phase.

What does the critical angle (θcr) for resolution depend on?

Which condition is NOT required for interference to occur?

Match the following terms with the descriptions below:

The principle of superposition only applies to mechanical waves, not electromagnetic waves.

The bright band in single slit diffraction is known as the ______ bright band.

In the context of wave interference, what does it mean for sources to be 'coherent'?

Sunlight only shows distinct colors due to refraction.

Match the terms with their descriptions:

In Young's double-slit experiment, what causes the interference pattern observed on the viewing screen?

In Young's double-slit experiment, the interference fringes are always perpendicular to the slits.

In Young's double-slit experiment, what does the value 'm' represent in the equation $y_m = \frac{Rm\lambda}{d}$?

The distance between the slits and the screen in Young's experiment is represented by the variable ____.

If the distance between the slits and the screen in Young's experiment is increased, what happens to the distance between the bright fringes?

In the given example, what is the wavelength of light calculated from the two-slit interference experiment?

In the context of radio antennas, the intensity of radiation is always uniform in all directions.

Match the terms with their descriptions in the context of Young's double-slit experiment

What is the angle, represented by θ, when m = -1 in the context of wave interference?

According to the Doppler effect, when a sound source moves away from a stationary observer, the perceived frequency is higher.

What is the relationship between frequency (f), speed of light (c), and wavelength (λ)?

The Doppler effect describes the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the ________ of the wave.

Match the following values of 'm' with their corresponding angles ('θ').

If the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by vibrating HCl molecule is 3.75 µm, what is the frequency?

What happens to the perceived frequency of a sound wave when the source is moving away from a stationary observer?

The Doppler effect only applies to sound waves, not light waves.

A stationary sound source emits a frequency of 400 Hz. If an observer moves towards the source, which of the following is true?

When a light source moves away from an observer, its light is blueshifted.

A car horn emits a sound at a frequency of fs. If the car is moving towards an observer with speed vs and the observer is moving towards the car with a speed vo, what is the general expression for the frequency that the observer hears?

The change in frequency due to the relative motion between a source and an observer is known as the _______ effect.

According to the Doppler effect, when a sound source is moving toward a stationary observer, what happens to the relationship between observed frequency and source frequency?

Match the scenario with the correct frequency shift

A submarine emits a sonar wave at a frequency of 1500 Hz. If the submarine is moving away from a stationary object, what will happen to the observed frequency?