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Questions and Answers
A tuning fork vibrates at a fixed frequency, producing a sound wave. If the air temperature increases, how will the wavelength of the sound wave be affected, assuming the frequency remains constant?
A tuning fork vibrates at a fixed frequency, producing a sound wave. If the air temperature increases, how will the wavelength of the sound wave be affected, assuming the frequency remains constant?
- The wavelength will decrease.
- The wavelength will fluctuate unpredictably.
- The wavelength will remain the same.
- The wavelength will increase. (correct)
An ambulance is traveling towards an observer. Which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the sound waves perceived by the observer due to the Doppler effect?
An ambulance is traveling towards an observer. Which of the following statements accurately describes the changes in the sound waves perceived by the observer due to the Doppler effect?
- The frequency decreases, and the wavelength increases.
- The frequency increases, and the wavelength decreases. (correct)
- Both the frequency and wavelength decrease.
- Both the frequency and wavelength increase.
A beam of white light shines onto a red apple. What happens to the different colors of light that make up the white light?
A beam of white light shines onto a red apple. What happens to the different colors of light that make up the white light?
- All colors are reflected equally.
- Red light is reflected, and other colors are absorbed. (correct)
- Red light is absorbed, and other colors are reflected.
- All colors are absorbed equally.
When light passes from air into water, it bends. Which term describes this phenomenon, and what property of light causes it?
When light passes from air into water, it bends. Which term describes this phenomenon, and what property of light causes it?
In the human eye, which type of photoreceptor cell is primarily responsible for detecting color, and under what lighting conditions do these cells function most effectively?
In the human eye, which type of photoreceptor cell is primarily responsible for detecting color, and under what lighting conditions do these cells function most effectively?
Consider a series circuit containing a light bulb. What will happen to the brightness of the bulb if the resistance of the circuit is significantly increased?
Consider a series circuit containing a light bulb. What will happen to the brightness of the bulb if the resistance of the circuit is significantly increased?
Two identical resistors are connected in a parallel circuit. How does the total resistance of the circuit compare to the resistance of a single resistor?
Two identical resistors are connected in a parallel circuit. How does the total resistance of the circuit compare to the resistance of a single resistor?
According to Ohm's Law, what is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit?
According to Ohm's Law, what is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit?
A guitar string vibrates, producing a sound with a certain pitch and loudness. If the amplitude of the string's vibration is increased, how will the sound be affected?
A guitar string vibrates, producing a sound with a certain pitch and loudness. If the amplitude of the string's vibration is increased, how will the sound be affected?
Consider a wave with a frequency of 5 Hz and a wavelength of 2 meters. What is the speed of the wave?
Consider a wave with a frequency of 5 Hz and a wavelength of 2 meters. What is the speed of the wave?
Flashcards
Transverse Waves
Transverse Waves
Waves that move up and down, like ocean waves.
Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Waves that move back and forth, like sound waves.
Crest
Crest
Highest point of a wave.
Trough
Trough
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Amplitude
Amplitude
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Wavelength
Wavelength
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Frequency
Frequency
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Sound Wave Properties
Sound Wave Properties
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Doppler Effect
Doppler Effect
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Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
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Study Notes
- Waves are energy transporters, not matter transporters.
- Energy moves through particles, which then return to their original positions.
Wave Types
- Transverse waves move up and down, like ocean waves.
- Longitudinal waves move back and forth, like sound waves.
Wave Properties
- Crest: The highest point of a wave.
- Trough: The lowest point of a wave.
- Amplitude: Wave height.
- Wavelength: Distance between crests.
- Frequency: Number of waves passing a point per second.
Wave Equation
- v = λf, where v is the speed of a wave, λ is wavelength, and f is frequency.
- If frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
Sound Waves
- Higher frequency equates to higher pitch.
- Higher amplitude results in louder sound.
Ear Anatomy
- Ear canal: Funnels sound waves toward the eardrum.
- Eardrum: Vibrates when sound waves hit it.
- Cochlea: Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals.
- Hair Cells: Inside the cochlea, these move in response to sound vibrations.
- Auditory Nerve: Transmits electrical signals from hair cells to the brain.
Doppler Effect
- Object moving towards you: sound waves compress, higher pitch.
- Object moving away: sound waves stretch, lower pitch.
- Red shift: Apparent change shown by an object moving away.
- Blue shift: Apparent change shown by an object moving towards an observer.
- Definition: The apparent change in frequency of a wave in relation to a stationary observer.
Light Interaction
- Absorption: Light is absorbed (e.g., by black surfaces).
- Reflection: Light bounces off (e.g., by mirrors).
- Refraction: Light bends (e.g., in water).
- Scattering: Light is dispersed (e.g., why the sky is blue).
Eye Function
- Retina detects light and sends signals to the brain.
- Rods see in dim light.
- Cones detect color.
Applications
- Mirrors reflect light.
- Sunglasses absorb light.
- Lenses refract light (in glasses, cameras).
Absorption
- The process in which a substance takes in something.
- E.g. warmth from the sun.
Reflection
- The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Series Circuits
- Only one path for current flow.
- If one component fails, the whole circuit stops.
Parallel Circuits
- Multiple paths for current flow.
- If one component fails, other components can still work.
Measuring Voltage
- Voltage (V) is energy per charge.
- Measured with a voltmeter connected in parallel.
Measuring Current
- Current (I) is the flow of charge.
- Measured with an ammeter connected in series.
Ohm’s Law
- V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
- Used to calculate electrical values in circuits.
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