Wave Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of pulse broadening in optical fibres?

  • The increase in speed of light in the fibre material.
  • The reduction of signal strength along the fibre.
  • The elongation of a signal passed down an optical fibre. (correct)
  • The complete reflection of light at the fibre's boundary.

Which best describes total internal reflection?

  • It occurs only with longitudinal waves.
  • Light passes through the boundary at any angle.
  • Light is refracted as it enters a denser medium.
  • Full reflection occurs at the inside boundary of an optical medium. (correct)

How is the refractive index defined?

  • It measures the thickness of a light wave.
  • It is the wavelength divided by frequency.
  • It is the ratio of light speeds in a vacuum to that in a material. (correct)
  • It is the angle of incidence divided by the angle of refraction.

What characterizes a transverse wave?

<p>The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Young’s Double-Slit Experiment, what is primarily observed?

<p>The diffraction pattern of light from two narrow slits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the amplitude of a wave?

<p>The wave's maximum displacement from its equilibrium position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cladding play in optical fibres?

<p>It improves the tensile strength and prevents signal transfer between adjacent fibres. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes coherence in waves?

<p>Waves are coherent if they have the same wavelength and phase difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffraction?

<p>The spreading of waves as they pass through a gap of comparable size to their wavelength. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes longitudinal waves from other types of waves?

<p>The oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy propagation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor causes pulse broadening in optical fibres?

<p>Different wavelengths traveling at slightly different speeds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is path difference expressed in the context of wave interference?

<p>In terms of wavelengths of the waves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antinode in a stationary wave?

<p>A position of maximum displacement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the condition when a wave does not transfer energy but merely stores it?

<p>Stationary Wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for polarisation to occur in a wave?

<p>The wave must oscillate in a single plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law is utilized to relate the angles of incidence and refraction for waves at a boundary?

<p>Snell’s Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of waves, what does the distance between two adjacent wave peaks represent?

<p>Wavelength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect occurs when light completes reflection at the inside boundary of an optical fiber?

<p>Total Internal Reflection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of modal dispersion in optical fibres?

<p>It leads to varying speeds of waves due to different angles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the significance of fringe spacing in interference patterns?

<p>It indicates the wavelength of the light used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a longitudinal wave compared to a transverse wave?

<p>Its oscillations occur parallel to the direction of energy propagation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition correctly describes 'path difference' in wave interference?

<p>The measure of how far ahead one wave is compared to another, usually in terms of wavelength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electromagnetic waves differ from other types of waves?

<p>They consist of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is material dispersion a concern in optical fibre communications?

<p>It causes signals to arrive at different times, resulting in pulse broadening. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an antinode in a stationary wave?

<p>It represents a point of maximum displacement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of wave coherence, what is essential for two waves to be termed coherent?

<p>They must have a fixed phase difference and identical wavelength and frequency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position.

Antinode

A point of maximum displacement in a stationary wave.

Coherence

Waves with the same wavelength, frequency, and fixed phase difference.

Diffraction

The spreading of waves as they pass through a gap.

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Electromagnetic Wave

Waves with perpendicular electric and magnetic oscillations.

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Frequency

The number of waves passing a point per unit time.

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Interference

The superposition of waves, resulting in constructive or destructive effects.

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Optical Fiber

A thin glass wire used to transmit signals.

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Phase

A measure of a point's position within a wave's cycle.

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Polarisation

Restricting a wave to oscillate in only one plane. Only occurs with transverse waves.

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Pulse Broadening

A signal getting stretched out when travelling through an optical fiber, often due to dispersion.

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Refractive Index

A property of a material that compares the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in that material.

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Snell's Law

A rule describing how a wave's angle changes when it moves between different materials (refraction).

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What is a stationary wave?

A wave that stores energy but doesn't transfer it. It appears to be standing still, with points of maximum and minimum displacement called nodes and antinodes respectively.

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What is Total Internal Reflection?

When light traveling in a denser medium hits the boundary with a less dense medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects back into the denser medium instead of being refracted.

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Transverse Wave

Waves with oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation.

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Speed of a wave

The product of a wave's frequency and wavelength. It represents how fast energy is transported through the medium.

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Cladding

A protective layer surrounding an optical fiber, enhancing its strength, preventing scratches, and isolating signals between fibers.

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Diffraction Grating

A device with many slits per millimeter that produces sharp interference patterns. It's used to analyze elements and determine atomic spacing.

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Material Dispersion

Different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds through an optical fiber, causing pulse broadening.

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Modal Dispersion

Light rays enter an optical fiber at different angles, traveling different distances and causing pulse broadening.

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Node

A point of minimum displacement in a stationary wave.

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Path Difference

The distance traveled by one wave compared to another, often expressed in terms of wavelength.

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What is the role a laser plays in optical fiber transmission?

Lasers produce coherent and collimated beams of light, essential for minimizing pulse broadening and maximizing signal clarity in optical fibers.

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What is the difference between constructive interference and destructive interference?

Constructive interference occurs when two waves in phase combine, amplifying the wave's amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when two waves out of phase combine, reducing the wave's amplitude.

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Study Notes

Wave Properties

  • Amplitude: Maximum displacement from equilibrium position
  • Antinode: Maximum displacement in a stationary wave
  • Cladding: Protective layer on optical fiber, improves tensile strength, prevents signal transfer
  • Coherence: Waves with same wavelength, frequency, and fixed phase difference
  • Diffraction Grating: Hundreds of slits used to calculate atomic spacing, analyze elements, produces sharper interference patterns
  • Diffraction: Spreading of waves passing through a gap similar to wavelength
  • Electromagnetic Waves: Perpendicular electric and magnetic oscillations
  • Frequency: Number of waves passing a point per unit time, inverse of time period
  • Fringe Spacing: Distance between adjacent bright or dark fringes
  • Interference: Superposition of waves; constructive (in phase) or destructive (out of phase)
  • Laser: Collimated and coherent light source
  • Longitudinal Wave: Oscillations parallel to energy propagation (e.g., sound)
  • Material Dispersion: Different wavelengths travel at slightly different speeds in a material, causing pulse broadening in optical fibers.
  • Node: Minimum displacement in a stationary wave
  • Optical Fiber: Thin glass fiber transmitting signals
  • Path Difference: How much further one wave travels compared to another, measured in wavelengths
  • Phase Difference: Difference in phase between two points on a wave (usually radians)
  • Phase: Position of a point on a wave in its cycle
  • Polarization: Restriction of wave oscillation to a single plane (only for transverse waves)
  • Pulse Broadening: Elongation of a signal in an optical fiber, due to modal or material dispersion
  • Refractive Index: Ratio of speed of light in a vacuum to speed of light in a material
  • Snell's Law: Links angle of incidence to angle of refraction, using refractive indexes
  • Speed: Product of frequency and wavelength
  • Stationary Wave: Stores energy, does not transfer it
  • Total Internal Reflection: Full reflection within a medium (e.g., optical fiber)
  • Transverse Wave: Oscillations perpendicular to energy propagation (e.g., electromagnetic waves)
  • Wavelength: Distance between two identical points on adjacent waves (e.g., peak to peak, trough to trough)
  • Young's Double-Slit Experiment: Demonstrates light diffraction, creating bright and dark fringes

Optical Fiber Concepts

  • Modal Dispersion: Different angles of incidence cause different travel times, leading to pulse broadening in optical fibers.
  • Optical Fiber: Thin glass fiber for transmitting signals
  • Path Difference: How much further one wave travels compared to another, measured in wavelengths
  • Pulse Broadening: Elongation of a signal in an optical fiber, due to modal or material dispersion.

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Description

Test your knowledge of wave properties with this quiz. Covering concepts such as amplitude, coherence, and diffraction, this quiz will challenge your understanding of both mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Perfect for students studying physics or optics.

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