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Questions and Answers
What occurs when two or more waves overlap in space and time?
What occurs when two or more waves overlap in space and time?
What happens when a wave encounters a barrier or a slit that is comparable in size to the wavelength?
What happens when a wave encounters a barrier or a slit that is comparable in size to the wavelength?
What is the phenomenon where a system vibrates at a specific frequency, amplifying the wave?
What is the phenomenon where a system vibrates at a specific frequency, amplifying the wave?
What happens when a wave hits a surface, resulting in a change in direction?
What happens when a wave hits a surface, resulting in a change in direction?
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What is the phenomenon where a wave changes direction as it passes from one medium to another?
What is the phenomenon where a wave changes direction as it passes from one medium to another?
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What occurs when a wave passes through a medium without reflection or absorption?
What occurs when a wave passes through a medium without reflection or absorption?
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What is the frequency range of microwaves?
What is the frequency range of microwaves?
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Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in night vision?
Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in night vision?
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What is the wavelength range of visible light?
What is the wavelength range of visible light?
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What is the primary use of ultraviolet radiation in medical applications?
What is the primary use of ultraviolet radiation in medical applications?
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Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in radar technology?
Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in radar technology?
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What is the wavelength range of radio waves?
What is the wavelength range of radio waves?
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What is the primary use of infrared radiation in heating and cooling systems?
What is the primary use of infrared radiation in heating and cooling systems?
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Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in thermal imaging?
Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in thermal imaging?
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Study Notes
Wave Behavior
Interference
- Occurs when two or more waves overlap in space and time
- Resultant wave has an amplitude that is the sum of the individual wave amplitudes
- Can be constructive (amplitudes add) or destructive (amplitudes cancel)
- Examples: ripple patterns on water, sound waves, light waves
Diffraction
- Bending of waves around an obstacle or through a narrow opening
- Occurs when a wave encounters a barrier or a slit that is comparable in size to the wavelength
- Results in a change in direction of the wave
- Examples: sound waves around a corner, light waves through a prism
Resonance
- Occurs when a system vibrates at a specific frequency, amplifying the wave
- Results in maximum energy transfer and amplitude
- Examples: guitar strings, pendulums, atomic nuclei
Reflection
- Change in direction of a wave when it hits a surface
- Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection
- Types: specular (mirror-like) and diffuse (scattered)
- Examples: light waves on a mirror, sound waves on a wall
Refraction
- Change in direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another
- Bending of light as it passes through a prism or lens
- Snell's law: relates angles of incidence and refraction
- Examples: light waves through a glass of water, sound waves through a medium change
Transmission
- Passage of a wave through a medium without reflection or absorption
- Depends on the properties of the medium and the wave
- Examples: light waves through a transparent material, sound waves through a gas
Wave Behavior
Interference
- Two or more waves overlap in space and time, resulting in a new wave with an amplitude that is the sum of the individual wave amplitudes
- Can be constructive (amplitudes add) or destructive (amplitudes cancel), resulting in a new wave pattern
- Examples: ripple patterns on water, sound waves, and light waves
Diffraction
- Waves bend around an obstacle or through a narrow opening, changing direction
- Occurs when a wave encounters a barrier or a slit that is comparable in size to the wavelength
- Examples: sound waves around a corner, light waves through a prism
Resonance
- A system vibrates at a specific frequency, amplifying the wave and resulting in maximum energy transfer and amplitude
- Occurs when the frequency of the wave matches the natural frequency of the system
- Examples: guitar strings, pendulums, and atomic nuclei
Reflection
- A wave changes direction when it hits a surface, with the angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection
- Types of reflection: specular (mirror-like) and diffuse (scattered)
- Examples: light waves on a mirror, sound waves on a wall
Refraction
- A wave changes direction when it passes from one medium to another, with the angle of incidence and refraction related by Snell's law
- Bending of light as it passes through a prism or lens
- Examples: light waves through a glass of water, sound waves through a medium change
Transmission
- A wave passes through a medium without reflection or absorption, depending on the properties of the medium and the wave
- Examples: light waves through a transparent material, sound waves through a gas
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from low-frequency, long-wavelength to high-frequency, short-wavelength radiation.
Order of Wavelengths
- Longest wavelength to shortest wavelength: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared Radiation, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Radiation, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays.
Microwaves
- Wavelength: 1 mm to 10 cm
- Frequency: 3 kHz to 300 GHz
- Used for heating and cooking food, wireless communication systems, and radar technology.
Radio Waves
- Wavelength: 10 cm to thousands of km
- Frequency: 3 kHz to 300 MHz
- Used for wireless communication systems, navigation systems, and radar technology.
Infrared Radiation
- Wavelength: 780 nm to 1 mm
- Frequency: 300 GHz to 400 THz
- Used for thermal imaging, night vision, and heating and cooling systems.
Visible Light
- Wavelength: 400 nm to 780 nm
- Frequency: 400 THz to 800 THz
- Used for vision and sight, lighting and illumination, and photography.
Ultraviolet Radiation
- Wavelength: 10 nm to 400 nm
- Frequency: 800 THz to 30 PHz
- Used for disinfection and sterilization, medical treatments, and forensic analysis.
Applications of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Medical applications: diagnosis, treatment, and therapy
- Communication systems: wireless communication, broadcasting, and navigation
- Industrial applications: heating, cooling, and material processing
- Scientific research: spectroscopy, astronomy, and environmental monitoring
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Description
Explore the principles of wave behavior, including interference and diffraction. Learn how waves interact with each other and their surroundings.
