Water's Role in Origin of Life
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Why do aquatic warm-blooded animals have a greater risk of losing body heat compared to land-based warm-blooded animals?

  • Water is more effective at absorbing and transferring heat. (correct)
  • They have lower metabolic rates.
  • They have more fur.
  • They have higher body temperatures.

    • The specific heat capacity of water is relatively low due to the lack of hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

    False

    What property of water makes it useful as a coolant, such as in sweat or in leaves?

    high heat of vaporization

    The amount of energy needed to change a substance from liquid to gas is called the ______

    <p>latent heat of vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Specific heat capacity = Heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of material by 1°C Heat of vaporization = Amount of energy needed to change from a liquid to a gas Heat of fusion = Amount of energy needed to be lost to change liquid water to ice Hydrogen bonds = Restrict the molecular motion of water, leading to high specific heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms between water molecules?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen bonds in water are permanent and do not break.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surface tension in water is caused by the stronger attractive forces between surface molecules due to hydrogen bonds with molecules located on the ______.

    <p>surface and below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the theory of hydrogen bonds helpful, despite not being directly proven?

    <p>It helps explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal, and solvent properties of water, predicts behavior, and has not been falsified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of water allows insects to live on its surface?

    <p>Surface Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their explanations:

    <p>Cohesion = Water molecules sticking together via hydrogen bonds Surface tension = Molecules on the outside of a water body forming stronger bonds with molecules below Adhesion = Attraction between water molecules and other polar compounds or charged compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes water move upwards in plants against gravity?

    <p>Transpiration pull and cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues is denser than water?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Buoyancy in air is greater than in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bony fish use to control their overall density?

    <p>an air-filled swim bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is the resistance of a fluid to flow.

    <p>viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the drag force on a body moving through a fluid?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heat passes through air more quickly than it does through water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are gases considered insulators of heat?

    <p>because their particles are far apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solutes dissolved in a liquid tend to ________ the viscosity of the liquid.

    <p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these materials is generally the best conductor of heat?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Viscosity = Resistance of a fluid to flow Thermal Conductivity = Rate at which heat passes through a material Buoyancy = The ability to float in a fluid Drag force = Force exerted on a body moving in a fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fats transported in the blood within lipoprotein complexes?

    <p>To prevent them from coalescing into large droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol molecules are completely hydrophobic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a phospholipid in a lipoprotein complex faces outward toward the water?

    <p>hydrophilic phosphate heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sodium and chloride ions to dissociate when salt is added to water?

    <p>The polarity of water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydration shells form around ions because water molecules are attracted to the ions' same charges.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steroid hormones are transported in the blood bound to ___________.

    <p>proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions relating to buoyancy:

    <p>Buoyant force = Upward force exerted on an object by a fluid Floating = Occurs when object density is less than fluid density Sinking = Occurs when object density is greater than fluid density Density = Mass per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an ion to be solvated?

    <p>An ion is solvated when it is completely surrounded and stabilized by solvent molecules (such as water).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an object will float or sink in a fluid?

    <p>The relationship of the object's density to the fluid's density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxygen end of a water molecule is attracted to the ______ charged sodium ion.

    <p>positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Living organisms generally have a buoyancy that is very different from water and tend to sink easily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the upward force on an object and the weight of the fluid it displaces?

    <p>equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water considered a good solvent?

    <p>Because of the polar attraction of its molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ice floats on water because it is ___________ dense than water.

    <p>less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water's solvent property allows for metabolic reactions to occur easily in cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water help transport sucrose in plants?

    <p>Water dissolves the sucrose in the phloem, enabling mass flow to transport it to where it's needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in a lipoprotein complex interact?

    <p>They face inward and come into contact with the fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a substance dissolves, the molecules of the substance are surrounded by molecules of the ______.

    <p>solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water's Role in Life's Origin

    • Water is essential for life as we know it
    • Evidence suggests water on Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago, and life emerged at least 3.8 billion years ago
    • Life needs a liquid solvent, like water, for its molecular ingredients to react with each other
    • There's no debate that water was present for life to form

    Primitive Earth's Water Conditions

    • Early Earth was extremely hot, preventing water from existing
    • Cooling allowed water to form
    • Oceans became the initial environment where the first cells formed and evolved

    Cellular Function and Water

    • Water is the fundamental medium for cellular reactions and processes
    • It forms the cytoplasm, which fills cells
    • It's present in all organelles and between cells in multicellular organisms
    • Water is crucial for transporting substances into and out of cells, as well as maintaining fluid balance in organisms.

    Water's Molecular Structure and Bonds

    • Water molecules (H₂O) have two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom
    • Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly, creating a slight negative charge on the oxygen end and a slight positive charge on the hydrogen ends. This makes water a polar molecule
    • Covalent bonds involve electron sharing, but not equally in polar molecules, while nonpolar covalent bonds share electrons equally
    • Hydrogen bonds form between the positive hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the negative oxygen atoms of another. These are weak but numerous, contributing to water's properties.

    Water's Properties: Cohesion and Adhesion

    • Cohesion: Water molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonds, creating surface tension, which supports small organisms
    • Adhesion: Water molecules stick to other polar/charged molecules; this capillary action helps water travel up plant tissues.

    Water's Role in Dissolving Substances

    • Solvation: Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic compounds and polar molecules, forming hydration shells around them
    • Ion separation: Water molecules surround ions like sodium and chloride to separate them from the crystal structure, keeping them stable.

    Water's Properties: Solvent

    • Known as the “universal solvent” due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and charged molecules.
    • Water plays a key role in metabolic reactions because it dissolves reactants, allowing them to interact freely and facilitating biochemical reactions.

    Water Properties in Living Organisms

    • Buoyancy: Water's density influences floating and sinking, affecting aquatic organisms.
    • Thermal conductivity: Water's ability to conduct heat makes it good at temperature regulation.
    • Specific heat capacity: Water resists changes in temperature, maintaining a stable environment for living organisms.

    Water on Other Planets/Astrobiology

    • The search for extraterrestrial life often focuses on planets with the potential for liquid water
    • The Goldilocks zone is the region around a star where temperatures are right for liquid water on a planet's surface, making it a potentially habitable area.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lesson 3 A1.1 - Water - Copy PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the critical role of water in the origin and evolution of life on Earth. It covers how water formed on early Earth, its essential functions in cellular structure and processes, and its importance as a solvent for biological reactions. Test your understanding of water's significance in the development of living organisms!

    More Like This

    Importance of Water in Chemical Evolution
    10 questions

    Importance of Water in Chemical Evolution

    OrganizedCarnelian9732 avatar
    OrganizedCarnelian9732
    Earth Formation and Accretion Hypothesis
    11 questions

    Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Accretion Hypothesis Quiz

    ResponsiveSerpentine2652 avatar
    ResponsiveSerpentine2652
    Origin and Distribution of Earth's Water
    13 questions

    Origin and Distribution of Earth's Water

    RomanticPalmTree avatar
    RomanticPalmTree
    Water's Origins and Chemistry
    21 questions

    Water's Origins and Chemistry

    WellLucchesiite2656 avatar
    WellLucchesiite2656
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser