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Questions and Answers
What is the main reason ice floats on water?
What is the main reason ice floats on water?
How do hydrogen bonds in water affect the molecules?
How do hydrogen bonds in water affect the molecules?
Which species is negatively affected by the loss of sea ice?
Which species is negatively affected by the loss of sea ice?
What impact does climate change have on Arctic wildlife?
What impact does climate change have on Arctic wildlife?
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What happens to bodies of water if ice sank instead of floating?
What happens to bodies of water if ice sank instead of floating?
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Which of the following species feeds on phytoplankton?
Which of the following species feeds on phytoplankton?
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What effect does warmer waters have on fish species?
What effect does warmer waters have on fish species?
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What is the likely fate of Arctic walruses as sea ice diminishes?
What is the likely fate of Arctic walruses as sea ice diminishes?
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What is the primary effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems?
What is the primary effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems?
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By how much has the ocean pH decreased compared to the levels of the past 420,000 years?
By how much has the ocean pH decreased compared to the levels of the past 420,000 years?
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What is formed when CO2 dissolves in seawater?
What is formed when CO2 dissolves in seawater?
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According to recent studies, the ocean pH is predicted to drop an additional amount by the end of this century.
According to recent studies, the ocean pH is predicted to drop an additional amount by the end of this century.
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Which of the following best describes a direct consequence of increased CO2 absorption by oceans?
Which of the following best describes a direct consequence of increased CO2 absorption by oceans?
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What role do informed individuals play in the context of ocean chemical balances?
What role do informed individuals play in the context of ocean chemical balances?
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What percentage of human-generated CO2 is absorbed by the oceans?
What percentage of human-generated CO2 is absorbed by the oceans?
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What happens to the conditions for life in the oceans as a result of ocean acidification?
What happens to the conditions for life in the oceans as a result of ocean acidification?
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What happens to water molecules as the temperature falls from 4°C to 0°C?
What happens to water molecules as the temperature falls from 4°C to 0°C?
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At what temperature does water reach its greatest density?
At what temperature does water reach its greatest density?
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How does global warming affect the timing of ice formation in the Arctic?
How does global warming affect the timing of ice formation in the Arctic?
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What percentage denser is ice compared to liquid water at 4°C?
What percentage denser is ice compared to liquid water at 4°C?
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What is a significant consequence of the melting Arctic sea ice on wildlife?
What is a significant consequence of the melting Arctic sea ice on wildlife?
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What causes ice to melt as its temperature rises above 0°C?
What causes ice to melt as its temperature rises above 0°C?
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What is the effect of increased atmospheric greenhouse gases on the Arctic environment?
What is the effect of increased atmospheric greenhouse gases on the Arctic environment?
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Which of the following describes the behavior of water above 4°C?
Which of the following describes the behavior of water above 4°C?
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Study Notes
Water's Properties
- Water's polar covalent bonds create hydrogen bonds
- This creates unique properties: cohesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and density differences between solid and liquid states
Cohesion
- Hydrogen bonding creates strong attractions between water molecules
- This cohesiveness contributes to water transport in plants
Moderation of Temperature
- Water has a high specific heat, meaning it can absorb or release significant heat with little temperature change
- This moderates temperature fluctuations in coastal areas and within organisms
High Heat of Vaporization
- Water requires a large amount of heat to vaporize
- This evaporative cooling effect helps prevent organisms from overheating
Floating of Ice
- Ice is less dense than liquid water
- Hydrogen bonds in ice create a stable, open structure
- This crucial property allows life to exist under frozen water
Water as a Solvent
- Polarity of water molecules allows it to dissolve many substances
- Ions and polar molecules are attracted to water, forming hydration shells
- Water's solvent properties are essential for life's chemical reactions
Acids and Bases
- Water can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
- Acids increase H⁺ concentration, bases increase OH⁻ concentration
- pH scale measures acidity or basicity (-log[H⁺])
- Buffers resist changes in pH, maintaining stable conditions for biological processes within organisms
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Description
Explore the unique properties of water, including cohesion, temperature moderation, high heat of vaporization, and the significance of ice's density. This quiz covers key concepts related to water's role as a solvent and its essential functions in the environment and living organisms.
