Water's Properties and Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason ice floats on water?

  • It is colder than water
  • It has a lower density than water (correct)
  • It forms a solid state at higher temperatures
  • It contains trapped air molecules

How do hydrogen bonds in water affect the molecules?

  • They cause water to expand significantly in volume
  • They are constantly breaking and re-forming (correct)
  • They enable water to instantly boil at room temperature
  • They create a permanent bond between water molecules

Which species is negatively affected by the loss of sea ice?

  • Capelin fish
  • Pacific walrus (correct)
  • Phytoplankton
  • Bowhead whales

What impact does climate change have on Arctic wildlife?

<p>It reduces feeding opportunities for polar bears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bodies of water if ice sank instead of floating?

<p>Life as we know it would be impossible to sustain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species feeds on phytoplankton?

<p>Bowhead whales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does warmer waters have on fish species?

<p>They foster conditions for phytoplankton growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely fate of Arctic walruses as sea ice diminishes?

<p>Their fate is uncertain due to reliance on ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems?

<p>Harm to calcification processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By how much has the ocean pH decreased compared to the levels of the past 420,000 years?

<p>0.1 pH unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when CO2 dissolves in seawater?

<p>Carbonic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to recent studies, the ocean pH is predicted to drop an additional amount by the end of this century.

<p>0.3–0.5 pH unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a direct consequence of increased CO2 absorption by oceans?

<p>Loss of coral reef ecosystems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do informed individuals play in the context of ocean chemical balances?

<p>They contribute to ongoing learning about chemical balances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of human-generated CO2 is absorbed by the oceans?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the conditions for life in the oceans as a result of ocean acidification?

<p>They are altered, leading to potential harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water molecules as the temperature falls from 4°C to 0°C?

<p>They begin to freeze as their movement slows down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does water reach its greatest density?

<p>4°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does global warming affect the timing of ice formation in the Arctic?

<p>Ice forms later and melts earlier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage denser is ice compared to liquid water at 4°C?

<p>It is 10% less dense. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the melting Arctic sea ice on wildlife?

<p>Some species thrive while others struggle to survive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes ice to melt as its temperature rises above 0°C?

<p>Disruption of hydrogen bonds between molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased atmospheric greenhouse gases on the Arctic environment?

<p>They contribute to significant warming effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the behavior of water above 4°C?

<p>It behaves like other liquids, expanding when heated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydrogen Bonds in Water

Temporary connections between water molecules due to the attraction of a hydrogen atom in one water molecule to an oxygen atom in another.

Ice Floating

Ice floats because it's less dense than liquid water, a unique property crucial for aquatic life.

Plankton Thrive

More light and warmer waters lead to more phytoplankton, a food source for many creatures.

Loss of Ice Impacts

Melting ice affects animals that use ice for hunting, resting, or traveling.

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Polar Bear Hunting

Polar bears rely on ice for hunting seals.

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Walrus Dependence

Walruses use ice for resting.

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Ice Density

Ice is less dense than liquid water, causing it to float.

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Aquatic Life and Ice

The ability of ice to float is essential for life in water.

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Ocean Acidification

The process where CO2 absorbed by the oceans reacts with water to form carbonic acid, decreasing ocean pH.

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CO2 Absorption by Oceans

A significant portion (about 25%) of human-generated CO2 is absorbed by the oceans.

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Ocean pH

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the ocean; currently, 0.1 pH unit lower than 420,000 years ago.

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Coral Reef Ecosystem

Marine ecosystems built by coral, vital for biodiversity.

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Carbonic Acid Formation

When CO2 dissolves in water, it reacts with water creating carbonic acid.

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Future Ocean pH Drop

Scientists predict a further drop of 0.3-0.5 pH units in the ocean by the end of this century.

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Ice Core Data

Data from ice cores (air bubbles trapped in ice) that show historical CO2 levels and corresponding ocean pH.

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Marine Ecosystem Impact

Ocean acidification can harm marine life and its delicate ecosystems, potentially leading to the loss of biodiversity, such as coral reefs.

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Water's unusual density behavior

Water's density changes differently than most substances. It reaches its maximum density at 4°C and expands upon freezing at 0°C, becoming less dense.

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Water's Freezing Point

The temperature at which water changes from a liquid to a solid (ice).

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Hydrogen Bonds in Water

Attractive forces between water molecules that are crucial to water's unique properties, including its density and freezing.

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Water's Density at 4°C

Water's maximum density occurs at 4°C.

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Ice's lower density

Ice is less dense than liquid water, meaning ice floats on water.

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Melting of Ice

The transition from solid (ice) to liquid (water) when heat disrupts hydrogen bonds.

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Global Warming's effect on ice

Global warming leads to increased temperatures causing faster melting of ice in the Arctic.

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Arctic Sea Ice

Frozen water in the Arctic Ocean that is affected by climate change.

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Study Notes

Water's Properties

  • Water's polar covalent bonds create hydrogen bonds
  • This creates unique properties: cohesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and density differences between solid and liquid states

Cohesion

  • Hydrogen bonding creates strong attractions between water molecules
  • This cohesiveness contributes to water transport in plants

Moderation of Temperature

  • Water has a high specific heat, meaning it can absorb or release significant heat with little temperature change
  • This moderates temperature fluctuations in coastal areas and within organisms

High Heat of Vaporization

  • Water requires a large amount of heat to vaporize
  • This evaporative cooling effect helps prevent organisms from overheating

Floating of Ice

  • Ice is less dense than liquid water
  • Hydrogen bonds in ice create a stable, open structure
  • This crucial property allows life to exist under frozen water

Water as a Solvent

  • Polarity of water molecules allows it to dissolve many substances
  • Ions and polar molecules are attracted to water, forming hydration shells
  • Water's solvent properties are essential for life's chemical reactions

Acids and Bases

  • Water can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
  • Acids increase H⁺ concentration, bases increase OH⁻ concentration
  • pH scale measures acidity or basicity (-log[H⁺])
  • Buffers resist changes in pH, maintaining stable conditions for biological processes within organisms

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Biology - A Global Approach - PDF

Description

Explore the unique properties of water, including cohesion, temperature moderation, high heat of vaporization, and the significance of ice's density. This quiz covers key concepts related to water's role as a solvent and its essential functions in the environment and living organisms.

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