Waterproofing and Drainage Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of filter fabrics in below grade systems?

  • To prevent moisture accumulation
  • To provide structural support
  • To enhance aesthetic appeal
  • To separate different soil types (correct)

    • Which of the following describes a property of positive-side waterproofing systems?

  • They are post-applied to the exterior side exposed to moisture. (correct)
  • They are pre-applied before the concrete element is placed.
  • They are applied to the interior side of foundation walls.
  • They are designed to be used on blinding surfaces only.

    • What type of waterproofing membrane includes urethanes and modified asphalts?

  • Fluid-Applied Systems (correct)
  • Sheet-Membrane Systems
  • Bentonite Clays
  • Cementitious Systems

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of waterproofing membrane mentioned?

    <p>Cement-based Sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the Protection Board in below grade systems?

    <p>To shield waterproofing membranes from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is frequently used as a semi-flexible protection board?

    <p>Asphalt core with glass fiber mats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a primary intention of damp-proofing applications?

    <p>To control vapor diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinct characteristic of negative-side waterproofing systems?

    <p>They are applied to surfaces opposite to moisture exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why aluminum is the most common material used for metal panels?

    <p>Its cost and corrosion resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metal panel system is typically formed out of metal sheets and ship-lapped with adjacent panels?

    <p>Lap-Seam Metal Panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Composite Metal Wall Panels from Lap-Seam Metal Panels?

    <p>Composite panels can include built-in insulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels contributes to their high impact resistance?

    <p>They are fabricated out of a 1/8-inch-thick metal plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of pre-cast concrete panels in building envelopes?

    <p>As cladding or curtain walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pre-cast panels play when used as formwork for cast-in-place concrete?

    <p>They provide the visible aesthetics while the concrete provides structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is filled in the joints around pre-cast panels to ensure stability?

    <p>Sealant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of pre-cast wall systems?

    <p>Requirement of continuous structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of load-bearing wall units?

    <p>To resist and transfer loads from other elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT typically used for thin stone wall panels?

    <p>Concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are precast concrete shear wall panels primarily used for?

    <p>To provide lateral load resisting systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method describes the unitized or modular system for curtain walls?

    <p>Composed of large, pre-assembled units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a feature of pressure-equalizer moisture protection?

    <p>Blocks forces driving water across barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of doors primarily serve as entrances and exits for the general public?

    <p>Swing doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which curtain wall framing method involves the installation of individual pieces on site?

    <p>Stick systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is most commonly NOT associated with exterior doors?

    <p>Fiberglass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glass is known for its strength and resistance to breakage from wind loads or thermal stress?

    <p>Heat-strengthened glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does laminated glass have?

    <p>It consists of two or more lites of glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glass type provides at least four times the strength of annealed glass?

    <p>Fully-tempered glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulating glass units are primarily used in which application?

    <p>Commercial windows and curtain walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does coated glass provide?

    <p>Enhances thermal performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glass is most commonly used in architectural applications?

    <p>Annealed glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does tinted glass possess?

    <p>Contains minerals for color absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about insulating glass units is incorrect?

    <p>They are solely used in skylights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of window is included under compression seal windows?

    <p>Casement windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of roof covering is made up of alternating layers of bitumen and reinforcement sheets?

    <p>Built-up Roofs (BUR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is typically not part of Modified Bitumen (MB) roofing?

    <p>Glass-reinforced asphalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following window types generally offers the poorest resistance?

    <p>Jalousie windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roofing type typically involves sheets that are welded together on-site?

    <p>Single-Ply Thermoplastic roofs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Mesh Reinforced Elastomeric Coatings (MREC)?

    <p>Typically combines acrylic elastomeric with polyester mat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of single-ply thermoplastic roofing?

    <p>Built-up Roofs (BUR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of roofs in building construction?

    <p>Protecting against moisture infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aggregate Drainage Layer

    • Pea-gravel or coarse sand is used
    • Prefabricated layers use plastic composite drainage cores with geotextile fabrics

    Below Grade System - Foundation Walls

    • Filter fabrics are used to separate different soil types

    Damp Proofing

    • Prevents vapor diffusion, which can lead to dampness inside the building
    • Bitumen-based coatings are used
    • Coatings measure 0.25mm in thickness
    • Coatings can be solvent or water based

    Waterproofing Membranes

    • Post-applied or pre-applied products
    • Used in positive, negative, or blind-side applications
    • Positive-side: applied to the exterior side of the foundation wall
    • Negative-side: applied to the interior side of the foundation wall
    • Blind-side: pre-applied to the area where the concrete will be placed

    Types of Waterproofing Membranes

    • Fluid-applied systems: includes urethanes, rubbers, plastics, and modified asphalts
    • Sheet-membrane systems: includes thermoplastics, vulcanizing rubbers, and rubberized asphalts
    • Bentonite clays: includes composite sodium bentonite systems with HDPE liners and geotextile fabrics
    • Cementitious systems: contains Portland cement and sand, combined with a waterproofing agent

    Protection Board

    • Shields waterproofing membranes from damage
    • Most common: asphalt core between asphalt impregnated glass fiber mats

    Aluminum

    • Most common material used for walls
    • Cost-effective, corrosion-resistant, and durable
    • Stainless steel and copper are also used

    Steel Panel Systems

    • Requires protective coatings to prevent corrosion
    • Types:
      • Lap-Seam Metal Panel
      • Composite Metal Wall Panels
      • Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels
      • Metal-Faced Composite Panels

    Lap-Seam Metal Panel

    • Formed from metal sheets
    • Ship-lapping panels

    Composite Metal Wall Panels

    • Feature two sheets of metal adhered to a core material
    • Usually stronger than lap-seam panels
    • Provide insulation

    Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels

    • Made from 1/8-inch-thick metal plate
    • High impact resistance and durability

    Metal-Faced Composite Panels

    • Metal facings adhered to a thermoplastic core

    Pre-cast Wall System

    • Various shapes, colors, textures, and finishes
    • Each panel is independently supported by metal components and anchors
    • Joints are filled with sealant
    • Panels act as formwork for cast-in-place concrete
    • Types:
      • Cladding or Curtain Walls: resist wind, seismic forces, and transfer weight to the support
      • Load-bearing wall units: resist and transfer loads from other elements
      • Pre-cast concrete shear wall panels: provide lateral load resisting system

    Thin Stone Wall System

    • Stone panels ranging in thickness from 3/4 inches to 2 inches
    • Most are made from granite and white marble
    • Limestone, travertine, and sandstone are also used

    Fenestration Systems

    • Defined as openings in the building envelope
    • Includes windows, doors, and skylights
    • Components:
      • Curtain Wall
      • Exterior Doors
      • Glazing
      • Sloped Glazing
      • Window

    Curtain Wall

    • Thin, aluminum-framed wall
    • Contains in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone
    • Framing methods:
      • Stick Systems: frame and glass are installed and connected piece by piece
      • Unitized or Modular Systems: curtain wall is composed of large units, assembled and glazed in the factory, shipped to the site, and erected on the building
    • Moisture Protection:
      • Water-managed: no effort is made to create an air barrier, more water is forced into the system
      • Pressure-equalizer: block the forces that drive water across a barrier

    Exterior Doors

    • Entrance and exit doors: serve as entrances for the general public or service entrances
    • Common materials: aluminum. steel, wood, and glass
    • Doors integrated with commercial storefronts: aluminum frames with glass in-fills or all glass
    • Types:
      • Swing Doors: serve entrance/exit functions
      • Revolving Doors: entrance/exit functions
      • Industrial Doors: for material handling and security

    Glazing

    • Glass allows daylight and weather protection
    • Types:
      • Annealed Glass: most commonly used architectural glass
      • Heat-strengthened Glass: twice the strength of annealed glass
      • Fully-tempered Glass: four times the strength of annealed glass
      • Laminated Glass: two or more lites of glass
      • Coated Glass: covered with reflective or low-emissivity coating
      • Tinted Glass: contains minerals that color the glass
      • Insulating Glass Units (IG Units): consist of two or more lites of glass with a sealed air space

    Compression Seal Windows

    • Casement: side-hinged, project in or out
    • Vertically or horizontally pivoted windows: pivot windows, jal-awning, and jalousie windows are generally less resistant

    Roof Systems

    • Protects buildings from moisture and weather conditions
    • Commercial buildings typically use low-slope or flat roofs
    • Materials:
      • Low-slope Roof Coverings Built-up Roofs (BUR)
      • Steep-slope Roof Coverings
      • Roof Deck

    Low-slope Roof Coverings Built-up Roofs (BUR)

    • Composed of alternating layers of bitumen and reinforcement sheets
    • Mesh Reinforced Elastomeric Coatings (MREC): acrylic elastomeric and polyester reinforcing mat applied in multiple layers for a final dry film
    • Modified Bitumen (MB): pre-fabricated polymer-modified asphalt sheets with a reinforcing layer:
      • Atactic Polypropylene (APP): APP polymer is blended with asphalt and fillers
      • Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS): SBS polymer is blended with asphalt and fillers
      • Styrene-Ethylene-Styrene (SEBS): SEBS polymer is blended with asphalt
    • Single-ply Thermoplastic Single-Plies: sheets are normally 5 to 12 feet wide, welded together in the factory or on the roof:
      • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
      • Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO)
      • Ketone Ethylene Ester (KEE)

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    Building Systems Design Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various waterproofing and drainage techniques used in construction. This quiz covers key materials like aggregate drainage layers, damp proofing methods, and different types of waterproofing membranes. Understand the applications and properties of these essential building components.

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