2024 | Social Science | Test 2
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2024 | Social Science | Test 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of nearly two-thirds of the available fresh water in South Africa?

  • Industrial usage
  • Irrigation in commercial farming (correct)
  • Recreational activities
  • Domestic consumption

    • Inefficient irrigation practices on commercial farms do not contribute to water waste.

    False

    What is one recommended practice for farmers to use water more sustainably?

    Targeted Irrigation

    Large commercial farms utilize large quantities of __________, which can contaminate rivers.

    <p>artificial chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sustainable water practices with their descriptions:

    <p>Targeted Irrigation = Water reaches the plant's root system directly Timely Irrigation = Scheduled irrigation during the coolest part of the day Proper Soil Drainage = Allows water to seep into lower soil layers Irrigation on Rainy Days = Irrigation should not be done during rainy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Dutch settlement at the Cape begin?

    <p>1652</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Slaves were not used in the construction of buildings in the Dutch colony at the Cape.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one primary purpose of the Dutch colony at the Cape?

    <p>To provide fresh water and food for trade ships traveling to the East.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Dutch colony at the Cape was primarily established as a __________ for trading ships.

    <p>refreshment station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following activities with who performed them in the Dutch colony at the Cape:

    <p>Building structures = Slaves Cultivating crops = Slaves Wearing period clothing = European settlers Obtaining supplies = Trade ships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of South Africa's water is used by factories, mines, and power stations?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to irrigate plants during rainy weather.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acid mine drainage?

    <p>Acid mine drainage is the process where water combines with iron pyrite in old mine shafts, resulting in contaminated water that flows out into the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industries are expected to pay heavy _____ for polluting the environment.

    <p>fines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following irrigation practices with their benefits:

    <p>Irrigation at cooler parts of the day = Reduces evaporation losses Well-drained soil = Prevents waterlogging Planting drought-resistant crops = Reduces irrigation needs Choosing targeted irrigation methods = Ensures efficient water use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the flat-topped mountain depicted in the painting of Table Bay?

    <p>Table Mountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ships in the bay are flying flags from the same country.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed on the land between the mountains and the sea in the painting?

    <p>Indigenous vegetation or settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The San hunter-gatherers survived by hunting wild animals and gathering _____ foods.

    <p>plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their way of life:

    <p>San = Hunter-gatherers Khoi = Herders Indigenous inhabitants = Nomadic lifestyle 17th century = Early European contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food did the San hunter-gatherers primarily gather?

    <p>Fruits, nuts, and roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Khoikhoi herders were primarily hunter-gatherers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lifestyle did San hunter-gatherers lead?

    <p>Nomadic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Khoikhoi herders began to move into southern Africa about __________ years ago.

    <p>2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their descriptions:

    <p>San hunter-gatherers = Nomadic and dependent on wild foods Khoikhoi herders = Pastoralists with herds of livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove the trekboers to move inland during the 18th century?

    <p>To graze their livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trekboers and Khoikhoi engaged primarily in warfare rather than trade.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the San driven away from as a result of Dutch settlement?

    <p>Hunting grounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Dutch farmers who moved inland in the 18th century were known as __________.

    <p>trekboers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their roles during the colonization of the Cape:

    <p>Khoikhoi = Indigenous people whose lands were taken Trekboers = Dutch farmers who moved inland San = Indigenous people displaced from hunting grounds Dutch = Traders who engaged with Khoikhoi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crops did Xhosa-speaking African farmers primarily grow?

    <p>Sorghum and millet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xhosa-speaking African farmers settled in areas receiving less than 500 mm of rain during the summer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By which year had African farmers spread as far south as the Fish River?

    <p>400 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Xhosa-speaking African farmers primarily kept __________, goats, and cattle.

    <p>sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their descriptions:

    <p>Sorghum = A type of crop grown by Xhosa-speaking farmers Millet = Another crop requiring summer rainfall Eastern parts of southern Africa = Where Xhosa-speaking farmers settled Fish River = The southern extent of African farmers by 400 AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crop was primarily cultivated by early African farmers?

    <p>Sorghum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early African farmers settled on the Highveld due to its favorable climate for agriculture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials did early African farmers use to build their homes?

    <p>Wood, reeds, and grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early African farmers preferred land near a __________ for convenient access to water.

    <p>river</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following geographical features with the reasons early African farmers avoided them:

    <p>Highveld = Cold climate Kalahari Desert = Dryness Drakensberg = Hilly terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of subsistence farmers regarding their impact on the land?

    <p>They do not significantly impact the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Commercial farmers typically have a positive impact on water resources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do subsistence farmers water their crops by hand?

    <p>To avoid the environmental damage caused by large-scale irrigation systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Commercial farms often use __________ methods that can harm the environment.

    <p>industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the farming practices to their environmental impact:

    <p>Traditional farming = Minimal impact on environment Chemical usage = Pollution of water sources Wetland removal = Significant land alteration Irrigation by hand = Less resource waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of livestock did the Khoikhoi primarily keep?

    <p>Fat-tailed sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Khoikhoi lived in permanent stone homes that they could not move.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two types of livestock that the Khoikhoi kept besides sheep.

    <p>Cattle and goats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Khoikhoi settled in areas with good __________ for their livestock.

    <p>grazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following items related to the Khoikhoi with their descriptions:

    <p>Khoikhoi = Larger groups than the San Reed houses = Portable homes Namibia = One of the regions where Khoikhoi lived Livestock movement = Finding the best grazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Use in South African Agriculture

    • Commercial farms use nearly two-thirds of South Africa's fresh water, mainly for irrigation.
    • Inefficient irrigation methods result in significant water wastage.
    • Commercial farms rely heavily on artificial chemicals, leading to river contamination.

    Responsible Water Use in Agriculture

    • Targeted Irrigation: Directing water directly to plant roots.
    • Timely Irrigation: Scheduling irrigation during cooler periods and only when needed, avoiding rainy days.
    • Proper Soil Drainage: Ensuring water absorption into deeper soil layers.

    Water Use in Industry

    • Factories, mines, and power stations contribute to 8% of South Africa's water usage.
    • Industrial pollution from these sectors poses a risk to rivers.
    • South Africa invests heavily to treat polluted water for safety and health.
    • Industrial pollution is illegal and carries heavy fines.

    Acid Mine Water Threat

    • Acid mine water, formed from water mixing with iron pyrite in abandoned mines, poses a serious risk to the environment.
    • Acid mine drainage can cause significant damage to surrounding ecosystems.

    South African Indigenous Peoples (17th Century)

    • The Cape's indigenous people were the San (hunter-gatherers) and the Khoi (herders).
    • The San were nomadic, relying on hunting and gathering for sustenance.
    • The Khoi were pastoralists herding cattle, sheep, and goats.
    • The arrival of European settlers significantly impacted the lives of both groups.

    European Colonization at the Cape (17th-18th Centuries)

    • The Dutch established a settlement at the Cape in 1652.
    • The settlement grew into a Dutch colony.
    • Slaves were brought to the Cape to perform labor, including agriculture.

    Impact of Colonization on Indigenous Peoples

    • The expansion of settler farms encroached on the Khoi's grazing land.
    • Trekboers moved inland, seeking grazing for their livestock, pushing the San away from their hunting grounds.
    • The San were often captured as servants by Trekboers.

    Early African Farmers

    • Xhosa-speaking farmers settled in the eastern parts of South Africa around 2,000 years ago.
    • These farmers cultivated crops like sorghum and millet, which thrive in summer rainfall areas.
    • They also raised sheep, goats, and cattle.
    • By the 17th century, they occupied areas as far south as the Sundays River.

    Agricultural Practices of Early African Farmers

    • Farmers settled near rivers for access to water and fertile soil.
    • They built more permanent homes using materials like wood and reeds.
    • Their primary crop was sorghum, with maize introduced later through Portuguese traders.

    Subsistence Farming's Impact on the Land

    • Subsistence farming has a minimal negative impact on the land due to their use of traditional methods.
    • They avoid using chemicals that pollute water sources.
    • They do not alter the landscape through drainage or wetland removal.
    • They use manual methods for irrigation.

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    Description

    Explore the critical aspects of water usage in South African agriculture and industry. This quiz covers irrigation practices, the impact of agriculture on water resources, and issues related to industrial pollution. Understand the importance of responsible water use and its implications for the environment.

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