Water Supply Concepts and Types

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes an artesian well from other types of wells?

It is constructed by driving an iron pipe.

It requires manual digging or drilling.

Water is confined under hydrostatic pressure. (correct)

It has a depth of less than 20 meters.

What is the primary responsibility of a Water Supplier?

Source development, water abstraction, treatment, and distribution (correct)

Drilling for groundwater sources

Transporting water to consumers

Inspecting water quality and sanitary conditions

Which type of well is specifically constructed using augers?

Driven Well

Dug Well

Bored Well (correct)

Drilled Well

Which process effectively removes dissolved ions from water using pressure?

Reverse osmosis/hyperfiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between shallow wells and deep wells?

Shallow wells are no more than 20 meters deep. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Sanitary Inspector?

To enforce sanitary rules, laws, and regulations Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a cistern from a reservoir?

A cistern is a water-tight tank used for storage. Signup and view all the answers

What does a Sanitary Survey involve?

Inspecting environmental conditions around a water source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes polluted water?

Water altered in several properties making it unsuitable for use. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is crucial for protecting a well casing from water intrusion?

Sanitary Seal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of disinfection in water treatment?

To destroy disease-causing organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Ultraviolet light sterilization in water treatment?

To kill active bacteria and spores Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a level III waterworks system?

It has individual house connections with a source, reservoir, and piped network. Signup and view all the answers

What do coliform organisms indicate when found in water samples?

Water is polluted and may contain harmful microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is required before drilling a well for water extraction?

Drinking water site clearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of Distillation?

Evaporating water to separate components and then condensing it Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Wells

Well: Man-made hole used to extract groundwater via various methods such as digging or drilling.
Artesian Well: Water confined under hydrostatic pressure between two impervious layers like rock formations.
Bored Well: Constructed using manually driven augers.
Driven Well: Made by driving an iron pipe into the ground.
Drilled Well: Created using percussion or rotary drills.
Dug Well: Circular or rectangular in shape, typically 1 to 1.5 meters in diameter.
Test Well: Excavation to assess quality and quantity of water.
Shallow Well: Depth not exceeding 20 meters from the natural ground surface.
Deep Well: Depth greater than 20 meters.

Water Sources and Storage

Surface Water: Combination of surface runoff and groundwater.
Cistern: Water-tight tank for storing water.
Reservoir: Natural or artificial pond, lake, or basin for water storage and regulation.
Spring: Groundwater seepage observable at the surface due to hydrostatic gradient.

Water Supply Systems

Level I (Point Source): Protected well or developed spring without distribution system.
Level II (Communal Faucet System): Includes source, reservoir, piped distribution, and communal faucet.
Level III (Waterworks System): Consists of source, reservoir, piped distribution, and household connections.

Water Quality and Treatment

Potable Water: Free of pathogens, safe for drinking.
Polluted Water: Altered physical, chemical, or biological properties, potentially harmful.
Coliform Organisms: Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria able to grow in bile salt.
Complete Treatment: A series of processes for comprehensive water treatment.
Contamination: Introduction of uncharacteristic materials making water undesirable.
Disinfection: Processes aimed at destroying disease-causing organisms.

Water Management Personnel

Water Hauler: Transports and delivers water for human consumption.
Water Supplier: Manages water source development, abstraction, treatment, and distribution.
Well Driller: Performs drilling activities to extract groundwater.

Regulatory and Health Authorities

Public/Private Water Supply System: Government or private systems providing potable water.
Local Health Authority: Government official responsible for health measures in local areas.
Sanitary Survey: Inspection of environmental conditions affecting water quality.
Sanitation Inspector: Enforces sanitary regulations and practices within government.
Drinking Water Site Clearance: Required before drilling or altering water supply systems.

Water Treatment Processes

Sanitary Seal: Cement and water mixture used to seal well casings and prevent contamination.
Pipe Lines: Transport water through established systems.
Deionization: Removal of ionized minerals and salts from water.
Distillation: Separates solids from water through evaporation and condensation.
Filtration: Removes solids using porous substances.
Reverse Osmosis: Forces water through a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate dissolved ions.
Ultraviolet Light Sterilization: Utilizes UV rays to kill active bacteria and spores in water.

Water Sales and Distribution

Retail Water System/Refilling Station: Places where water is sold and refilled into consumer containers.
Refilled Water/Product Water: Source water that has undergone processing for sale.

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Description

This quiz covers various types of wells used in water supply systems, including artesian, bored, driven, and drilled wells. Test your knowledge on the methods of recovering groundwater and the characteristics of each well type.