Water Scarcity and Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of water scarcity according to the content?

Natural disasters affecting water supply

Pollution of water bodies

Over-exploitation and unequal access to water (correct)

Climate change affecting weather patterns

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered with water?

Half of the Earth’s surface

One-third of the Earth’s surface

Three-fourths of the Earth’s surface (correct)

Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface

Which of the following aspects contributes to the quantitative aspect of water scarcity?

Climate change mitigation efforts

Improper sewage disposal

Industrial waste management

Large and growing population (correct)

According to the content, which sector is the largest consumer of water?

Irrigated agriculture Signup and view all the answers

By 2025, how many people are predicted to live in absolute water scarcity?

Nearly two billion Signup and view all the answers

How does industrialization impact freshwater resources?

It increases the demand for freshwater Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of falling groundwater levels as mentioned in the content?

Adverse effects on water availability Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main factors leading to water scarcity?

Unequal access to water resources Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary purpose of building dams during the time of Chandragupta Maurya?

Irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a multi-purpose river valley project?

Hirakud project Signup and view all the answers

What significant construction took place in the 11th Century?

Bhopal Lake Signup and view all the answers

How do multipurpose projects like the Bhakra-Nangal project impact water management?

They integrate various uses of water. Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is often associated with large dams and multipurpose projects?

They can fragment rivers and disrupt aquatic life. Signup and view all the answers

Which project is specifically mentioned as integrating flood control and conservation of water?

Hirakud project Signup and view all the answers

What statement best describes the modern perception of dams according to Jawaharlal Nehru?

They are 'temples of modern India'. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome of multipurpose river valley projects post-Independence?

Integration of water resources management. Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect does the creation of reservoirs on floodplains have on natural vegetation and soil?

Leads to decomposition of existing vegetation Signup and view all the answers

What has been a primary cause of resistance to multi-purpose projects and large dams?

Displacement of local communities Signup and view all the answers

What ironic consequence has occurred due to the construction of large dams aimed at controlling floods?

Triggered floods during excessive rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

To ensure every rural household has access to potable piped water Signup and view all the answers

How has irrigation affected the cropping patterns in various regions?

Increased use of water-intensive commercial crops Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states does not participate in the Atal Bhujal Yojana?

Chhattisgarh Signup and view all the answers

What ecological consequence can result from the shift towards more water-intensive crops?

Increased soil salinization Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect does Atal Jal aim to change within communities?

Shift from consumption to conservation and smart water management Signup and view all the answers

What social issue has arisen from the water resource conflicts related to dam projects?

Increased social gap between rich and poor landowners Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cause of water scarcity even when water is available?

Poor quality of water due to pollution Signup and view all the answers

What significant environmental movement emerged due to the effects of large dams in India?

Narmada Bachao Andolan Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue arising from inter-state water disputes related to multi-purpose projects?

Sharing of costs and benefits of projects Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water-stressed blocks in India is represented by the selected states in Atal Bhujal Yojana?

37% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the need to conserve water resources?

It assists in maintaining ecological balance Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Hydraulic Structures in Ancient India manage water resources?

By harvesting flood waters for irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Why is the over-exploitation of water resources a concern?

It leads to an ecological crisis detrimental to livelihoods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Sardar Sarovar Project?

To provide irrigation facilities to drought-prone areas. Signup and view all the answers

How many hectares of land will the Sardar Sarovar Project irrigate in Gujarat?

18.45 lakh hectares. Signup and view all the answers

Which traditional water harvesting technique was commonly practiced in Rajasthan for storing drinking water?

Rooftop rainwater harvesting. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the command area in Gujarat is considered drought-prone?

75 percent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an objective of rainwater harvesting?

To decrease agricultural production. Signup and view all the answers

In which regions were diversion channels, known as 'guls' or 'kuls', typically built?

Western Himalayas. Signup and view all the answers

What methods did ancient India utilize for water harvesting?

Wide-ranging traditional techniques based on local conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which water harvesting structure is characterized by its implementation in flood plains for irrigation?

Inundation channels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the underground tanks or tankas in traditional rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan?

To store drinking water Signup and view all the answers

During which rainfall event is rainwater typically not collected in Rajasthan’s traditional rainwater harvesting system?

The first spell of rain Signup and view all the answers

How does the bamboo drip irrigation system in Meghalaya function?

Through gravity to divert water using bamboo pipes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting mentioned?

Increasing dependency on surface water Signup and view all the answers

What is typically done with the last channel section in the bamboo drip irrigation system?

It allows water to be dropped near plant roots Signup and view all the answers

How deep can the tankas in Phalodi be, according to traditional styles?

6.1 meters deep Signup and view all the answers

Which region is highlighted for its traditional rainwater harvesting system involving underground tanks?

Bikaner Signup and view all the answers

What allows manipulation of the water flow in the bamboo drip irrigation system?

Adjustable bamboo pipe positions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water Resources

Only three-fourths of Earth's surface is covered with water.
Freshwater is primarily from surface runoff and groundwater, constantly renewed via the hydrological cycle.
Water is a renewable resource.
By 2025, nearly two billion people are predicted to experience absolute water scarcity.

Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is when countries/regions lack enough potable water.
Availability varies geographically and temporally, mainly due to precipitation.
Over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access contribute to water scarcity.

Reasons for Water Scarcity

Quantitative Aspects: Large populations and increased demands for water, especially for agriculture, lead to over-exploitation of resources, contributing to falling groundwater levels, jeopardizing food security.
Qualitative Aspects: Water quality issues, like pollution from domestic and industrial waste, fertilizers, and pesticides, make it unsuitable for consumption.

Industrialization and Urbanization

Industries and expanding urban areas contribute to freshwater resource depletion.
Industries consume significant water.
Industries need a lot of energy, often using hydroelectric power.

Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)

Implemented in 8220 water-stressed Gram Panchayats across 229 administrative blocks of 80 districts.
Selected states account for about 37% of water-stressed areas.

Hydraulic Structures in Ancient India

Evidence of sophisticated water-harvesting systems in ancient India, including diversion channels, dams, and irrigation systems.

Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Modern projects use dams to conserve and distribute water for multiple purposes (irrigation, hydropower, drinking water, flood control).

Merits of Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Irrigation, electricity generation, water supply, recreation, inland navigation, and fish breeding.

Demerits of Multipurpose River Valley Projects

Impacts on natural water flow, sediment loads & vegetation, displacement of people, ecological effects, and floods.

Rainwater Harvesting

A method to increase groundwater recharge by capturing and storing rainwater.
Includes dug wells, percolation pits, and check dams to collect rainwater.
Aims to meet increasing water demands through managing water sources.

Traditional Water Harvesting Systems in India

Ancient India had sophisticated systems for rainwater harvesting.
Methods varied based on local geography and climate.
Examples include diversion channels, rooftop collection , and storage tanks.

Bamboo Drip Irrigation System in Meghalaya

A 200-year-old system used for efficient irrigation focusing on the root area.
Diverts spring water to lower areas using bamboo pipes.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting

Enhanced water availability
Control of declining water tables
Eco-friendly approach
Enhanced water quality
Flood prevention

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Description

Test your knowledge on water scarcity, its causes, and management practices. This quiz covers various aspects, including historical contexts, sectoral consumption, and the impact of industrialization on freshwater resources. Dive deep into the significant projects and their implications on water availability.