Water Scarcity and Management in India
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Water Scarcity and Management in India

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Questions and Answers

What are the main classifications of dams based on the materials used?

  • Timber dams, embankment dams, and masonry dams (correct)
  • Steel dams, plastic dams, and modular dams
  • Concrete dams, rock-fill dams, and earthen dams
  • Gravity dams, arch dams, and roller-compacted dams

    • How are dams categorized based on their height?

  • Small dams, medium dams, and large dams
  • Permanent dams, temporary dams, and expandable dams
  • High dams, medium height dams, and low dams (correct)
  • Natural dams, artificial dams, and unique dams

    • What purpose does Jawaharlal Nehru associate with dams in modern India?

  • To promote tourism and hospitality
  • To mitigate climate change impacts
  • To preserve cultural heritage
  • To support rapid industrialization and agriculture development (correct)

    • What is a notable modern use of dams beyond irrigation?

    <p>Producing electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes dams?

    <p>Dams are used for multiple purposes including flood control and recreation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some scientific responsibilities associated with dam construction?

    <p>Controlling river navigation and water transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which aspect have modern dams evolved compared to traditional constructions?

    <p>They are multifunctional and integrate various uses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of modern dams?

    <p>Creating art installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural element was lost in flood plains due to sedimentation, negatively impacting agricultural conditions?

    <p>Silt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of channels were traditionally built in the Western Himalayas for irrigation?

    <p>Guls or Kuls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water conservation method was commonly practiced in Rajasthan to store drinking water?

    <p>Rooftop rainwater harvesting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structures were developed in arid and semi-arid regions to manage water?

    <p>Khadins and Johads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be the maximum dimensions of a traditional drinking water tank (tanka) mentioned for a household in Phalodi?

    <p>6.1m x 4.27m x 2.44m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a consequence of multi-purpose water projects?

    <p>Soil fertility enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did sedimentation have on ecological conditions in flood plains?

    <p>It reduced natural fertilizer availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions were underground tanks (tankas) traditionally common for water storage?

    <p>Semi-arid regions of Rajasthan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario results in water scarcity?

    <p>Region having high annual rainfall and large population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an argument in favor of multi-purpose river projects?

    <p>They lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about urban centers and water resource utilization is accurate?

    <p>Urbanization leads to increased water waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has river regulation affected natural ecosystems?

    <p>It negatively impacts the natural flow and sediment transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding rooftop rainwater harvesting is true?

    <p>It is gaining popularity in Rajasthan despite high water availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines water scarcity?

    <p>Insufficient water resources to meet demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of multi-purpose river projects?

    <p>Environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options contributes to effective rainwater harvesting?

    <p>Modern adaptations of traditional harvesting techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

    <p>To ensure every rural household has access to potable piped water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant historical site related to water harvesting in India?

    <p>Sringaverapura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dam primarily create?

    <p>A reservoir, lake, or impoundment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During whose reign were extensive irrigation systems built, including dams and lakes?

    <p>Chandragupta Maurya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the largest artificial lakes built during the 11th Century?

    <p>Bhopal Lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are dams classified?

    <p>By structure, intended purpose, or height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental concern is associated with water sources in India?

    <p>Heavy pollution from various wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a spillway associated with in dam structures?

    <p>A section that allows water to flow over or through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the PVC pipe in rooftop rainwater harvesting?

    <p>To connect the rooftops to the tankas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the first spell of rain not collected in rooftop rainwater harvesting?

    <p>It may contain pollutants from the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess water from the sump in the rainwater harvesting system?

    <p>It is taken to the well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rooftop rainwater harvesting benefit the village of Gendathur?

    <p>By ensuring water availability during dry spells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tanka in the context of rainwater harvesting?

    <p>An underground storage tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the process of using rooftop rainwater?

    <p>Rainwater is collected in tankas for immediate usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the village of Gendathur regarding rainwater harvesting?

    <p>It has a significant number of households using this system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge that rooftop rainwater harvesting aims to address?

    <p>Water scarcity during dry seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Scarcity and Management

    • Contamination of water sources is a significant concern, particularly in rural areas
    • India's "Jal Jeevan Mission" aims to bring clean water to all rural households with a target of 55 liters per person, each day.

    India’s Ancient Water Management Systems

    • Ancient India possessed sophisticated water management systems, often built around water harvesting
    • Structures like dams, lakes, and irrigation systems were prevalent during the time of Chandragupta Maurya.
    • Examples of such systems can be found in regions like Kalinga, Nagarjunakonda, Bennur, Kolhapur, and Bhopal
    • The 11th Century saw the creation of Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time.
    • In Delhi, the 14th-century Hauz Khas tank served as a water source for Siri Fort.

    Dams: Past and Present

    • Dams are structures that obstruct or regulate water flow, frequently creating reservoirs.
    • Historically, dams served to store rainwater for irrigation purposes.
    • Modern dams often serve multiple functions, including irrigation, electricity generation, domestic and industrial water supply, flood control, recreation, navigation, and fish breeding.

    Traditional Water Management Techniques

    • 'Guls' or 'Kuls' in the Western Himalayas redirected water for agricultural uses.
    • ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was a common practice to collect drinking water in Rajasthan.
    • Flood plains of Bengal implemented inundation channels for irrigation purposes.
    • ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan served as rain-fed storage structures.

    Tankas in Rajasthan

    • Underground tanks called 'Tankas' were frequently used in Rajasthan's semi-arid regions for storing drinking water.
    • These tanks were often large enough to be comparable to a room in size.
    • Tankas collected rainwater through an elaborate rooftop harvesting system.
    • The water was then stored until needed, serving as a reliable source of drinking water, crucial during dry periods.

    Modern Adaptations of Traditional Techniques

    • The practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained momentum in both rural and urban India.
    • Gendathur village in Karnataka has implemented effective rooftop rainwater harvesting, ensuring a reliable water supply for its residents.

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    Description

    Explore the critical issues of water scarcity and management in India, including the challenges posed by contamination of water sources. Learn about ancient water management systems and the impact of India's current initiatives like the Jal Jeevan Mission aimed at providing clean water to rural households.

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