Geography Term 4 Test
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary state of water that is less dense than liquid water?

  • Steam
  • Water vapor
  • Liquid water
  • Ice (correct)

    • Which form of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

  • Ice
  • Steam
  • Liquid Water (correct)
  • Water Vapor

    • What is the gaseous state of water called?

  • Solid Water
  • Ice Vapor
  • Liquid Water
  • Water Vapor (correct)

    • Which process involves the cooling and condensing of water vapor into clouds?

    <p><em>Condensation</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the release of water vapor into the air from water bodies and plants?

    <p><em>Evapotranspiration</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the continuous movement of water within the Earth and its atmosphere?

    <p><em>The Hydrological Cycle</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cloud particles become too heavy to remain airborne?

    <p>They form precipitation (rain, sleet, hail, or snow).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's water is fresh water?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of Earth's fresh water stored?

    <p>In icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences climate patterns by heating or cooling the air above them?

    <p>Ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily drives surface ocean currents?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents' direction?

    <p>Causes deflection to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which warm ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, impacting north-western Europe's climate?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity related to oceans that relies on nutrient-rich cold waters of currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not true about ocean currents?

    <p>They have no impact on marine life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do icecaps and glaciers play in global water distribution?

    <p>They store most of Earth's fresh water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major threat does overfishing pose to marine biodiversity?

    <p>Decrease in marine biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industry benefits from warm currents along coasts like KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Tourism industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is mentioned as energy-intensive and costly in the context of desalination?

    <p>Boiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ocean pollution on human health?

    <p>Devastating effects on human health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, what is the average annual rainfall compared to the global average?

    <p>Lower than the global average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predicted impact of climate change on water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do dams have on ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Reducing water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fertilizers and pesticides contribute to water pollution according to the text?

    <p>Through processes like eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do dams serve in South Africa?

    <p>Managing and storing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to reduced infiltration and increased runoff according to the text?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Rapid urbanization leading to logistical constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is primarily responsible for managing local water resources according to the text?

    <p>Municipalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy mentioned for sustainable water use in the text?

    <p>Recycling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of projects showcase the government's role in enhancing water availability based on the text?

    <p>Water infrastructure projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor can cause coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Strong winds combined with high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activities contribute to increased flood severity?

    <p>Urbanization and deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do flood hydrographs help in understanding according to the text?

    <p>Land use effects on river discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Lag time' in flood management refers to:

    <p>The delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of clouds from water vapor condensation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on liquid water?

    <p>Ice expands and is less dense than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state does water exist in its gaseous form in the atmosphere?

    <p>Water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by liquid water in oceans, rivers, and lakes?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water vapor from the air condenses into tiny droplets?

    <p>It forms clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge that climate change poses to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and severe floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems, according to the text?

    <p>Cause disruptions and flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major environmental concern arises from urbanization as discussed in the text?

    <p>Altered river flows and polluted waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is mentioned as energy-intensive and costly for water production from seawater?

    <p>Reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ocean pollution on marine life?

    <p>Devastating effects on marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor contributing to water pollution from human activities?

    <p>Increased eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of South Africa experiences no rain in winter and no summer rain either?

    <p>Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of desalination as discussed in the text?

    <p>Providing water for arid regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows along the east coast of South Africa and influences local climate and marine life?

    <p>Agulhas Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of surface water is made up of swamps?

    <p>11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor causes water to move due to variations in density?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current influences the climate of north-western Europe flowing from the USA across the Atlantic?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production from oceans?

    <p>Algae and Plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects deep ocean currents by influencing water density?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant problem that arises from overfishing in oceans?

    <p>Reduced fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy resources are sourced from oceans?

    <p>Wind and solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a challenge to the actual implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity plays a critical role in managing local water resources and ensuring quality water supply to the populace?

    <p>Water Boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy mentioned in the text for conserving water and maintaining quality?

    <p>Restoring wetlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary human cause of downstream flooding according to the text?

    <p>Poor Water Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor typically shortens lag time and increases discharge in flood hydrographs?

    <p>Land Use Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of floods mentioned as causing extensive damage to infrastructure and agriculture?

    <p>Water-borne Diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a flood management strategy aimed at preventing overflow?

    <p>Construction of Barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event can lead to significant coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Onshore Winds and High Tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods according to the text?

    <p>Impacts of Deforestation and Poor Farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences flood potential by representing the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge?

    <p>Lag Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic of ice is mentioned in the text?

    <p>Expanding and moving further apart when freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of clouds from water vapor condensation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the continuous movement of water within the Earth and its atmosphere?

    <p>Hydrological cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hydrological cycle in Earth's systems?

    <p>Driving weather and climate systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface according to the text?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cloud particles become too heavy to remain airborne?

    <p>They fall as precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by overfishing to marine biodiversity?

    <p>Diminished fish populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key impact of desalination processes on water availability?

    <p>Increased water scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents benefit tourism along coasts like KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Attracting diverse marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant prediction about climate change impacts on river runoff in South Africa?

    <p>Decrease in runoff along the east coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams in South Africa impact ecosystems?

    <p>Causing disruptions to traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary negative consequence of high evaporation rates on water availability in South Africa?

    <p>Water loss through evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rivers play in South Africa compared to other major African rivers like the Zambezi?

    <p>Lack of large estuaries and lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urbanization and human activities impact water quality according to the text?

    <p>Leading to reduced infiltration and increased runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Eutrophication' as mentioned in the text is primarily caused by:

    <p>'High levels of nutrients entering water bodies'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Traditional living areas' are most disrupted by:

    <p>'Dams and infrastructure developments'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical cause of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>High rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of areas are low-lying regions particularly susceptible to flooding due to slower river flows?

    <p>Geographically flat areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activity can accelerate runoff in urban areas according to the text?

    <p>Impermeable surface construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of floods on society as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Spread of water-borne diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of practices increase soil erosion and enhance surface runoff, contributing to floods?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is crucial for understanding river discharge patterns over time?

    <p>Hydrograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor typically shortens lag time and increases discharge in flood hydrographs?

    <p>&quot;Gray&quot; infrastructure development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common human cause of downstream flooding according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Gray&quot; infrastructure development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Flood defences" is a flood management strategy aimed at preventing what?

    <p>&quot;Overflow&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Land-use policies" are implemented with the aim of restricting development in what type of areas?

    <p>Flood-prone areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences deep ocean currents by causing water to move?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental concern related to overfishing?

    <p>Depleted fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows along the west coast of South Africa and influences local climate and marine life?

    <p>Benguela Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to deflect either to the right or left in the Earth's oceans?

    <p>Coriolis effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region holds the second-largest reserve of fresh water according to the text?

    <p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role that wind plays in influencing ocean currents?

    <p>Generating surface currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is stored in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>~68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The hydrological cycle facilitates the distribution and renewal of Earth's water supply' - Which term describes this cycle?

    <p><strong>Water cycle</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant source of oxygen production from oceans according to the text?

    <p>Plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic of liquid water allows it to conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Low surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key process of the hydrological cycle involves the cooling and condensing of water vapor into clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason ice floats on liquid water, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Expansion and increased density when frozen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water vapor to condense into clouds in the atmosphere?

    <p>Cooling of water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of water vapor leads to its presence in the air in the gaseous state?

    <p>High heat capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical difference between ice (solid) and liquid water based on their behavior, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Ice is denser than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for mitigating the impacts of floods as discussed in the text?

    <p>Developing efficient forecasting systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do human activities contribute to increased flood severity according to the text?

    <p>By removing vegetation that helps absorb water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key physical cause of coastal flooding mentioned in the text?

    <p>High tides combined with strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do flood hydrographs aid in flood management?

    <p>By displaying river discharge patterns over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced in the actual implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common human cause of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In flood management, what do flood defences primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Construction of barriers to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason why desalination processes are considered energy-intensive and costly?

    <p>The need for extensive infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa experiences no rain in winter and also has a lack of summer rain?

    <p>Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact do dams have on ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Altering habitats and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in South Africa has low average rainfall compared to the global average?

    <p>Northern Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common negative consequence of overfishing on marine biodiversity?

    <p>Disruption of food chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity contributes to reduced infiltration, increased runoff, and altered river flows?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI)?

    <p>Regulating fishing quotas for biodiversity conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant prediction about climate change impacts on river runoff in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and more frequent floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do high evaporation rates affect water availability in South Africa?

    <p>Reduce freshwater availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does runoff acceleration have on urban areas according to the text?

    <p>Increased likelihood of flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences deep ocean currents by causing water to move?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Funding constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, impacting north-western Europe's climate?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences climate patterns by heating or cooling the air above them?

    <p>Ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Lag time' in flood management refers to:

    <p>The time between peak rainfall and peak discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ocean pollution on human health?

    <p>Mercury poisoning from contaminated fish consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to deflect either to the right or left in Earth's oceans?

    <p>Coriolis effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant problem that arises from overfishing in oceans?

    <p>Disruption of marine ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of floods mentioned as causing extensive damage to infrastructure and agriculture?

    <p>Floods erode soil, damage crops, and destroy buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary challenges to implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial obstacles in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do floods caused by snow melting differ from those caused by high rainfall as per the text?

    <p>Snow melting floods lead to rapid flooding compared to high rainfall floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of poor water management on flood occurrence according to the text?

    <p>Increased likelihood of rapid water release leading to flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urban areas contribute to flood risks according to the text?

    <p>By accelerating runoff through impermeable surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of flood defences in flood risk management strategies?

    <p>Constructing barriers and levees to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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