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EASY What is the primary source of boiler feedwater?

Untreated surface water

Why is it important to know the local water chemistry?

To understand what conditions require treatment

Where can local water quality reports be found?

Online through the local water utility

What is the primary purpose of municipal potable water systems?

To provide safe drinking water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for removing solids from water?

To remove pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with high turbidity in water?

It interferes with disinfection efforts Signup and view all the answers

Why is chlorine added to water?

To disinfect the water Signup and view all the answers

Why must chlorine addition be carefully controlled?

Because it can be carcinogenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of municipal water in the Vancouver area?

Rain and surface run-off Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to municipal water for boiler use?

To neutralize the water's acidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in a typical municipal water treatment process?

Clarification Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clarification step in municipal water treatment?

To remove small particles Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove oxygen from municipal water used in boilers?

To prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding lime to municipal water?

To adjust the pH levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using activated carbon filters in municipal water treatment?

To remove soluble organic constituents that affect taste and odour Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove residual chlorine from municipal water used in boilers?

To prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using degasifier towers in boiler feedwater treatment?

To remove residual chlorine Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential health benefit of using ultraviolet (UV) light or ozone for disinfection in municipal water treatment?

Creating fewer health issues over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the limit of silica in industrial fire tube boilers according to ASME guidelines?

< 150 ppm SiO2 Signup and view all the answers

Why is disinfection using chlorine not necessary in boiler feedwater treatment from non-municipal source water?

Because ultraviolet or ozone systems are sufficient for disinfection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a settling pond in boiler feedwater treatment from non-municipal source water?

To remove suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the problem associated with high alkalinity in boiler water?

Embrittlement, foam, and carryover Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of neutralization in external water treatment?

To prevent corrosion and scale formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of demineralization in external water treatment?

To reduce the level of chlorides Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum level of dissolved oxygen that can be achieved through external water treatment?

10 ppb Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anion exchange in external water treatment?

To remove silica Signup and view all the answers

MEDIUM What is the maximum recommended silica level in industrial fire tube boilers according to ASME guidelines?

150 ppm SiO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical purpose of adding compounds like alum, clay, and polymers in boiler feedwater treatment?

To remove suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to remove dissolved oxygen from boiler feedwater?

Chemical addition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues is associated with high levels of chloride in boiler water?

Solids creation and increased corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using UV or ozone systems in boiler feedwater treatment?

To disinfect the water Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical retention time in a settling pond used in boiler feedwater treatment?

Days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is used to remove hardness from boiler feedwater?

Lime-soda softening Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical purpose of anion exchange in external water treatment?

To remove dissolved solids Signup and view all the answers

Why is municipal water not suitable for boiler use?

It is too acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clarification in municipal water treatment?

To remove suspended particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential problem associated with high levels of silica in boiler water?

Depositions and scaling Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove oxygen from municipal water used in boilers?

To prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to municipal water for boiler use?

To neutralize acidity Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove residual chlorine from municipal water used in boilers?

To prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtration in municipal water treatment?

To remove suspended particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern with high levels of iron (Fe) in boiler water?

Corrosion and pitting Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using activated carbon filters in municipal water treatment?

To remove organic constituents that affect taste and odour Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of disinfection in municipal water treatment?

To prevent contamination during transit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using municipal water as a source of boiler feedwater?

It has already undergone some treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of municipal potable water systems?

To provide safe drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with high turbidity in water?

It interferes with disinfection efforts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of removing pathogens from municipal water?

To prevent biological impurities from forming during transportation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwater?

It creates problems for the boiler operator Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to test municipal water for a range of chemicals and bacteria?

To meet the target requirements of jurisdictional regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using municipal water quality reports?

They provide information on local water chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disinfecting municipal water?

To prevent biological impurities from forming during transportation Signup and view all the answers

HARD What is the primary concern with high turbidity in boiler feedwater?

Interferes with disinfection efforts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for adding chlorine to municipal water?

To disinfect the water Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove dissolved gases, dissolved solids, and hardness from municipal water for boiler use?

To remove impurities that can cause problems in the boiler Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using municipal water as a source of boiler feedwater?

It is already quite clean Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of municipal potable water systems?

To provide safe drinking water that is also aesthetically acceptable Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of removing solids from municipal water?

To remove dissolved solids Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to test municipal water for a range of chemicals and bacteria?

To ensure the water is safe for drinking and meets jurisdictional regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwater?

It creates problems for the boiler operator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using lime and lime-soda softening in boiler feedwater treatment?

To remove hardness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with high levels of silica in boiler water?

Deposit formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using anion exchange in external water treatment?

To remove silica Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using coagulation in boiler feedwater treatment?

To remove suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with high levels of chloride in boiler water?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using demineralization in external water treatment?

To remove dissolved solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using UV or ozone systems in boiler feedwater treatment?

To disinfect biologically active water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using clarification in boiler feedwater treatment?

To remove suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to municipal water for boiler use?

To reduce acidity and prevent corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with high levels of silica in boiler water?

It causes deposits and scales to form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of clarification in municipal water treatment?

To remove suspended particles and organic matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using activated carbon filters in municipal water treatment?

To remove organic contaminants and improve taste and odor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with high levels of iron (Fe) in boiler water?

It causes deposits and scales to form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disinfection in municipal water treatment?

To kill pathogens and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with high turbidity in water?

It interferes with the disinfection process Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using municipal water as a source of boiler feedwater?

It is a more consistent and reliable source Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of filtration in municipal water treatment?

To remove suspended particles and organic matter Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to remove residual chlorine from municipal water used in boilers?

Because it can cause corrosion and damage to the boiler Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Boiler Feedwater Sources

Boiler feedwater can be sourced from both untreated (surface and well water) and pretreated locations.
Local water chemistry is important to understand to determine what conditions need to be treated and how to size equipment.

Municipal Water Treatment

Municipal potable water systems use three main steps to purify water:
- Remove solids
- Remove pathogens
- Disinfect
The goal is to provide safe drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable.
Municipalities must meet target requirements of jurisdictional regulation.
Table 1 shows some of the most relevant parameters, including:
- pH
- Turbidity
- Free chlorine
- Total dissolved solids
- Hardness
Municipal water is already treated, but still requires further treatment for dissolved gases, dissolved solids, and hardness.

Municipal Water Treatment Process

The typical process involves:
- Removing solids through screens and clarification
- Removing remaining small particles through filtration
- Disinfecting with chlorine, UV light, or ozone
The collected particles are further processed to recover available water and then sent to a landfill.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Municipal Source Water)

When using municipal water as feedstock, it requires further processing to:
- Reduce hardness
- Remove oxygen and other dissolved gases
- Adjust the pH
Care must be taken to minimize the amounts of iron, copper, and silica in the water.
Tables 2 and 3 show recommended ASME guidelines for boiler water quality.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Non-Municipal Source Water)

For non-municipal sources, pre-treatment is essential before the water goes to the boiler house.
The first two stages of the process (clarification and filtration) are still required.
Disinfection using chlorine is not necessary, and ultraviolet or ozone systems can be used instead.
If the water has significant suspended solids, a settling pond can be used initially to remove most of the solids.

Common Problems with Boiler Water

Table 4 shows some of the common potential problems with boiler water, including:
- Acidity (low pH)
- Alkalinity
- Chloride
- Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Hydrocarbons
- Hardness (Ca and Mg ions)
- Iron and copper
- Silica
- Suspended solids
- Dissolved solids
Possible preventative solutions are listed for each problem.

Boiler Feedwater Sources

Boiler feedwater can be sourced from both untreated (surface and well water) and pretreated locations.
Local water chemistry is important to understand to determine what conditions need to be treated and how to size equipment.

Municipal Water Treatment

Municipal potable water systems use three main steps to purify water:
- Remove solids
- Remove pathogens
- Disinfect
The goal is to provide safe drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable.
Municipalities must meet target requirements of jurisdictional regulation.
Table 1 shows some of the most relevant parameters, including:
- pH
- Turbidity
- Free chlorine
- Total dissolved solids
- Hardness
Municipal water is already treated, but still requires further treatment for dissolved gases, dissolved solids, and hardness.

Municipal Water Treatment Process

The typical process involves:
- Removing solids through screens and clarification
- Removing remaining small particles through filtration
- Disinfecting with chlorine, UV light, or ozone
The collected particles are further processed to recover available water and then sent to a landfill.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Municipal Source Water)

When using municipal water as feedstock, it requires further processing to:
- Reduce hardness
- Remove oxygen and other dissolved gases
- Adjust the pH
Care must be taken to minimize the amounts of iron, copper, and silica in the water.
Tables 2 and 3 show recommended ASME guidelines for boiler water quality.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Non-Municipal Source Water)

For non-municipal sources, pre-treatment is essential before the water goes to the boiler house.
The first two stages of the process (clarification and filtration) are still required.
Disinfection using chlorine is not necessary, and ultraviolet or ozone systems can be used instead.
If the water has significant suspended solids, a settling pond can be used initially to remove most of the solids.

Common Problems with Boiler Water

Table 4 shows some of the common potential problems with boiler water, including:
- Acidity (low pH)
- Alkalinity
- Chloride
- Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Hydrocarbons
- Hardness (Ca and Mg ions)
- Iron and copper
- Silica
- Suspended solids
- Dissolved solids
Possible preventative solutions are listed for each problem.

Boiler Feedwater Sources

Boiler feedwater can be sourced from both untreated (surface and well water) and pretreated locations.
Local water chemistry is important to understand to determine what conditions need to be treated and how to size equipment.

Municipal Water Treatment

Municipal potable water systems use three main steps to purify water:
- Remove solids
- Remove pathogens
- Disinfect
The goal is to provide safe drinking water that is aesthetically acceptable.
Municipalities must meet target requirements of jurisdictional regulation.
Table 1 shows some of the most relevant parameters, including:
- pH
- Turbidity
- Free chlorine
- Total dissolved solids
- Hardness
Municipal water is already treated, but still requires further treatment for dissolved gases, dissolved solids, and hardness.

Municipal Water Treatment Process

The typical process involves:
- Removing solids through screens and clarification
- Removing remaining small particles through filtration
- Disinfecting with chlorine, UV light, or ozone
The collected particles are further processed to recover available water and then sent to a landfill.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Municipal Source Water)

When using municipal water as feedstock, it requires further processing to:
- Reduce hardness
- Remove oxygen and other dissolved gases
- Adjust the pH
Care must be taken to minimize the amounts of iron, copper, and silica in the water.
Tables 2 and 3 show recommended ASME guidelines for boiler water quality.

Boiler Feedwater Treatment (Non-Municipal Source Water)

For non-municipal sources, pre-treatment is essential before the water goes to the boiler house.
The first two stages of the process (clarification and filtration) are still required.
Disinfection using chlorine is not necessary, and ultraviolet or ozone systems can be used instead.
If the water has significant suspended solids, a settling pond can be used initially to remove most of the solids.

Common Problems with Boiler Water

Table 4 shows some of the common potential problems with boiler water, including:
- Acidity (low pH)
- Alkalinity
- Chloride
- Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Hydrocarbons
- Hardness (Ca and Mg ions)
- Iron and copper
- Silica
- Suspended solids
- Dissolved solids
Possible preventative solutions are listed for each problem.

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