Water Purification Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula to calculate the lime requirement for water softening?

  • 106/100 [permanent hardness of CaCl2 + CaSO4 + MgCl2 + MgSO4 in terms of CaCO3 equivalents]
  • 74/100 [temporary hardness of Ca + 2 × temporary hardness of Mg + permanent hardness of Mg in terms of CaCO3 equivalents] (correct)
  • 100/106 [permanent hardness of CaCl2 + CaSO4 + MgCl2 + MgSO4 in terms of CaCO3 equivalents]
  • 100/74 [temporary hardness of Ca + 2 × temporary hardness of Mg + permanent hardness of Mg in terms of CaCO3 equivalents]
  • What is the purpose of applying pressure higher than the osmotic pressure in reverse osmosis?

  • To allow the solvent molecules to flow from lower concentration to higher concentration
  • To prevent the entry of solvent molecules into the solution
  • To facilitate the flow of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration (correct)
  • To increase the osmotic pressure of the solution
  • Which of the following is NOT a product of the reaction between CaCl2 and Na2CO3?

  • CaCO3
  • CaCO4
  • Na2CO3 (correct)
  • NaCl
  • What is the minimum excess pressure required to prevent the entry of solvent molecules into the solution through a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be used to purify sea water?

    <p>Reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the soda requirement for water softening?

    <p>106/100 [permanent hardness of CaCl2 + CaSO4 + MgCl2 + MgSO4 in terms of CaCO3 equivalents]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which solvent molecules flow from higher concentration to lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions produces CaCO3 and NaCl?

    <p>CaCl2 + Na2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of water softening?

    <p>To remove both temporary and permanent hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of water treatment?

    <p>Reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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