Water Purification Processes

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Which of the following is considered a soluble impurity in natural water?

Sand
Mineral salts (correct)
Plant debris
All of the above

In natural water, sand is classified as a soluble impurity.

False (B)

What process is needed to make natural water safe for drinking or using?

water purification

Natural water can contain both soluble and _____ impurities.

insoluble Signup and view all the answers

Match the impurities in natural water with their classification:

Mineral salts = Soluble Sand = Insoluble Plant debris = Insoluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of sedimentation in water purification?

To allow insoluble impurities to sink (D) Signup and view all the answers

Filtration can remove both soluble and insoluble impurities from water.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the liquid that passes through a filter?

filtrate Signup and view all the answers

During sedimentation, impurities that sink to the bottom form a layer of __________.

sediment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following filtration components with their description:

Filter paper = Used to separate solid impurities from liquids Filter funnel = Holds the filter paper in place Flask = Collects the filtrate Residue = Solid impurities that remain on the filter Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered more effective than chlorine for killing microorganisms?

Adding Ozone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Chlorine used in drinking water does not leave a characteristic smell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of breathing ozone in water treatment facilities?

Chest pains and shortness of breath. Signup and view all the answers

UV light is commonly used to kill microorganisms in __________, fish tanks, and swimming pools.

water treatment plants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their impacts:

Chlorine = Irritation to eyes and skin, characteristic smell Ozone = More effective than chlorine, can cause chest pain UV Light = No discernible smell or taste change None = Not a method to kill microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of distillation in water purification?

To remove soluble impurities, insoluble impurities, and microorganisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

Filtration can effectively remove microorganisms from water.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the pure water collected after distillation?

distillate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT part of the general water treatment process in Hong Kong?

Distillation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Fluoridation is a method added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the distillation process, the _____ left behind when water turns to steam consists of salts and other impurities.

residue Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of distillation with their corresponding descriptions:

Boiling = Salts and impurities are left behind Condensation = Steam is cooled back into liquid Cooling = Temperature reduction to change steam to water Collection of Distillate = The pure water is gathered for use Signup and view all the answers

What are the two sources of drinking water in Hong Kong?

Rainwater and Dongjiang impounding reservoirs Signup and view all the answers

In the water treatment process in Hong Kong, _____ is added to disinfect the water.

chlorine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following water treatment processes with their purposes:

Sedimentation = Removing larger particles from water Filtration = Clearing smaller impurities Fluoridation = Strengthening dental enamel Chlorination = Disinfecting water Signup and view all the answers

What is one harmful effect of consuming seafood from polluted water?

It may lead to cholera (B) Signup and view all the answers

Algae blooms help to increase oxygen levels in water.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What common water pollutant is associated with human and animal waste?

Waste water Signup and view all the answers

A rapid increase in algae is referred to as an __________.

algae bloom Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sources of water pollutants with their harmful effects:

Waste water = Diseases like cholera Detergents and fertilizers = Promote algae growth Algae bloom = Uses up oxygen Algae = Produces toxins Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health risk associated with consuming contaminated seafood?

Build-up of toxic chemicals in the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

Plastics in the ocean can decompose completely without harming marine life.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one way individuals can help control water pollution.

Not pouring wastewater into rainwater drains. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is effective for removing soluble impurities from water?

Distillation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Oil spills can block ______ from reaching the water, which can suffocate sea animals.

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of water pollution control actions to their categories:

Not throwing rubbish into the sea = Individual Treating wastewater that contains harmful chemicals = Government Using less detergent = Individual Treating wastewater in sewage treatment works = Government Signup and view all the answers

Filtration can be used to remove microorganisms from water.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adding chlorine to water to kill microorganisms called?

Chlorination Signup and view all the answers

The method used to purify water by heating it to produce steam, which is then condensed back into liquid, is called ______.

distillation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following impurities with their respective purification methods:

Heavy insoluble impurities = Filtration Soluble impurities = Distillation Microorganisms = Chlorination Insoluble impurities in suspension = Sedimentation Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves separating water from impurities by boiling and condensing?

Distillation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Fluoridation is used to reduce the presence of microorganisms in water.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one method used to kill microorganisms in water purification.

Chlorination Signup and view all the answers

The process of allowing solid particles to settle in water is called __________.

sedimentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the water purification methods with their purposes:

Sedimentation = Removes solid particles Chlorination = Kills microorganisms Filtration = Removes fine particles Ultraviolet Light = Kills microorganisms without chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary causes of water pollution?

Littering (D) Signup and view all the answers

Waste water can be safely discharged into rivers without any treatment.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is added to water to kill microorganisms during the water treatment process?

Chlorine Signup and view all the answers

The process of removing large objects from water during treatment is called __________.

filtration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps of the water treatment process with their descriptions:

Removal of Large Objects = Screens filter out large debris Alum Addition = Chemical for coagulation of impurities Filtration = Removes remaining insoluble impurities Disinfection = Kills microorganisms in water Signup and view all the answers

Soluble impurities

Substances that dissolve in water, like mineral salts.

Insoluble impurities

Substances that don't dissolve in water, like sand and plant debris.