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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of storage facilities in a water supply system?
What is the primary purpose of storage facilities in a water supply system?
Where should storage cisterns be ideally located to maintain water pressure?
Where should storage cisterns be ideally located to maintain water pressure?
What is the function of the upper tank in a boosted water supply system?
What is the function of the upper tank in a boosted water supply system?
What precautions should be taken for a storage facility located in a building?
What precautions should be taken for a storage facility located in a building?
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Which component is NOT essential in a boosted water supply system?
Which component is NOT essential in a boosted water supply system?
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What is the primary function of the tapering plug in a plug cock?
What is the primary function of the tapering plug in a plug cock?
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What type of materials should be used for water storage according to the provided guidelines?
What type of materials should be used for water storage according to the provided guidelines?
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Which of the following correctly describes greywater?
Which of the following correctly describes greywater?
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What is a significant disadvantage of using greywater systems compared to rainwater systems?
What is a significant disadvantage of using greywater systems compared to rainwater systems?
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What is the recommended storage capacity per person for hotels?
What is the recommended storage capacity per person for hotels?
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Which statement is true regarding the use of kitchen sink or dishwasher wastewater in greywater systems?
Which statement is true regarding the use of kitchen sink or dishwasher wastewater in greywater systems?
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Which feature should not have a valve according to the installation guidelines?
Which feature should not have a valve according to the installation guidelines?
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In what circumstances is recycling rainwater generally more favorable than greywater?
In what circumstances is recycling rainwater generally more favorable than greywater?
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What is the required temperature for hot water according to the guidelines?
What is the required temperature for hot water according to the guidelines?
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In large cisterns, where should the outlet be located in relation to the inlet?
In large cisterns, where should the outlet be located in relation to the inlet?
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What is the storage capacity recommendation per person for offices without canteens?
What is the storage capacity recommendation per person for offices without canteens?
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What should be fitted to regulate and control the water level in storage?
What should be fitted to regulate and control the water level in storage?
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Which of the following uses the least amount of water per person for storage?
Which of the following uses the least amount of water per person for storage?
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What is the primary reason water needs to go through a purification process before it is drinkable?
What is the primary reason water needs to go through a purification process before it is drinkable?
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Which type of water source is generally considered potable without additional treatment?
Which type of water source is generally considered potable without additional treatment?
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What is the first step in the water treatment process described?
What is the first step in the water treatment process described?
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During which process is unpleasant odor removed from the water?
During which process is unpleasant odor removed from the water?
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What type of impurities can contribute to the formation of acid rain?
What type of impurities can contribute to the formation of acid rain?
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Which body is responsible for the treatment and supply of potable water in Ghana?
Which body is responsible for the treatment and supply of potable water in Ghana?
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What is the purpose of the screening process in water treatment?
What is the purpose of the screening process in water treatment?
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What does the sedimentation process allow in water treatment?
What does the sedimentation process allow in water treatment?
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What is the primary function of a gate or sluice valve?
What is the primary function of a gate or sluice valve?
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Which type of valve is primarily used to maintain an appropriate level of water in cisterns?
Which type of valve is primarily used to maintain an appropriate level of water in cisterns?
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What is a key characteristic of diaphragm float valves?
What is a key characteristic of diaphragm float valves?
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What is a significant precaution required when installing a float valve?
What is a significant precaution required when installing a float valve?
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What is the primary application of drain valves?
What is the primary application of drain valves?
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What distinguishes a bib tap from other types of taps?
What distinguishes a bib tap from other types of taps?
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Which type of tap is specifically used to supply water to basins and sinks?
Which type of tap is specifically used to supply water to basins and sinks?
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What type of valve has a piston moving within and is commonly found in older installations?
What type of valve has a piston moving within and is commonly found in older installations?
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Study Notes
Water Purification Process
- Water needs purification to remove pollutants making it safe for drinking.
- Rainwater can be contaminated by carbon dioxide, sulfur, and nitrous oxides, leading to 'acid rain'.
- Drinkable water should be clear, colorless, odorless, and free from harmful bacteria.
Sources of Water
- Underground sources (springs, deep wells, boreholes) are generally considered potable if they meet safety criteria.
- Surface water requires treatment before it can be deemed safe for consumption.
Role of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)
- GWCL is responsible for water treatment and supply to consumers in Ghana.
Water Treatment Steps
- Collection and storage in reservoirs, created by damming valleys for catchment and hydroelectricity.
- Screening: Removal of large debris using mesh filters.
- Aeration: Exposing water to the atmosphere to remove odors and enhance oxygen content.
- Sedimentation: Allowing suspended matter to settle at the tank's bottom.
Water Storage Requirements
- Storage facilities ensure water availability during supply interruptions, ideally located at high points for pressure maintenance.
- Considerations for storage design include:
- Use of non-corrosive, shatter-proof materials.
- Insulation and proper ventilation in plant rooms for larger buildings.
Cold Water Storage Capacity
- Designed to meet 24-hour demand during supply outages; varies based on water usage and number of consumers.
- Estimated storage requirements per person for different types of buildings:
- Hostels: 90 liters
- Hotels: 135 liters
- Offices (with canteen): 45 liters
- Restaurants (per meal): 7 liters
- Nursing homes: 135 liters
Hot Water Supply
- Required hot water temperature is approximately 45˚C.
Types of Valves
- Gate/Sluice Valve: Controls the flow in low-pressure systems; less resistance than globe valves.
- Drain Valve: Located at the lowest point for drainage purposes.
- Float Valve: Automatic control for water levels in cisterns.
Tap Types for Water Supply
- Bib Tap: Mounted on walls, typically used for external hose connections.
- Pillar Tap: Supplies water to basins; features a long vertical male thread.
- Plug Cocks: Use a tapering plug for quick water shut-off, can be operated by a quarter turn.
Recycled Water System
- Two main sources: rainwater and greywater (from sinks, baths, and showers).
- Greywater systems capture wastewater before it reaches sewage systems but are more expensive due to required filtration.
- Rainwater recycling is often more affordable, particularly in areas with consistent rainfall.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the purification process of water acquired from various sources, highlighting the importance of removing pollutants to ensure it is safe for consumption. It explores contamination sources such as rainfall and other environmental factors that introduce impurities into water systems.
