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Water Purification Process
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Water Purification Process

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@CelebratoryCombination

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of storage facilities in a water supply system?

  • To filter contaminants from water
  • To reserve water during potential interruptions (correct)
  • To provide direct access to mains water supply
  • To increase the water pressure across the building

    • Where should storage cisterns be ideally located to maintain water pressure?

  • In the basement of the building
  • On the ground floor for easy access
  • At the mid-point of the building
  • In the roof space of the building (correct)

    • What is the function of the upper tank in a boosted water supply system?

  • To serve as the main water source for the building
  • To filter and purify the incoming water
  • To pump water into the mains supply
  • To distribute water to the upper floors (correct)

    • What precautions should be taken for a storage facility located in a building?

    <p>It should be well insulated and ventilated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT essential in a boosted water supply system?

    <p>Water heating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tapering plug in a plug cock?

    <p>To quickly shut off the flow of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials should be used for water storage according to the provided guidelines?

    <p>Non-corrosive, shatter-proof materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes greywater?

    <p>Wastewater that comes from baths and showers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of using greywater systems compared to rainwater systems?

    <p>Greywater systems are typically more expensive due to treatment needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage capacity per person for hotels?

    <p>135 litres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the use of kitchen sink or dishwasher wastewater in greywater systems?

    <p>It is seldom collected due to high levels of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature should not have a valve according to the installation guidelines?

    <p>Warning pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances is recycling rainwater generally more favorable than greywater?

    <p>In environments with moderate to high annual rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required temperature for hot water according to the guidelines?

    <p>45˚C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In large cisterns, where should the outlet be located in relation to the inlet?

    <p>Opposite the inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage capacity recommendation per person for offices without canteens?

    <p>40 litres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be fitted to regulate and control the water level in storage?

    <p>Float valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following uses the least amount of water per person for storage?

    <p>Day School – nursery/primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason water needs to go through a purification process before it is drinkable?

    <p>To remove pollutants and impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water source is generally considered potable without additional treatment?

    <p>Deep wells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the water treatment process described?

    <p>Collection and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process is unpleasant odor removed from the water?

    <p>Aeration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impurities can contribute to the formation of acid rain?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is responsible for the treatment and supply of potable water in Ghana?

    <p>Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the screening process in water treatment?

    <p>To remove large materials from the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sedimentation process allow in water treatment?

    <p>Settling of suspended matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a gate or sluice valve?

    <p>To control the flow of water in low pressure installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of valve is primarily used to maintain an appropriate level of water in cisterns?

    <p>Float valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of diaphragm float valves?

    <p>They have a top outlet and operate more quietly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant precaution required when installing a float valve?

    <p>A substantial air gap must be maintained to prevent back siphonage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of drain valves?

    <p>To facilitate drainage at low points in systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a bib tap from other types of taps?

    <p>It is mounted wall-fixed and typically higher than the appliance it serves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tap is specifically used to supply water to basins and sinks?

    <p>Pillar tap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valve has a piston moving within and is commonly found in older installations?

    <p>Tradition piston ball valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Purification Process

    • Water needs purification to remove pollutants making it safe for drinking.
    • Rainwater can be contaminated by carbon dioxide, sulfur, and nitrous oxides, leading to 'acid rain'.
    • Drinkable water should be clear, colorless, odorless, and free from harmful bacteria.

    Sources of Water

    • Underground sources (springs, deep wells, boreholes) are generally considered potable if they meet safety criteria.
    • Surface water requires treatment before it can be deemed safe for consumption.

    Role of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL)

    • GWCL is responsible for water treatment and supply to consumers in Ghana.

    Water Treatment Steps

    • Collection and storage in reservoirs, created by damming valleys for catchment and hydroelectricity.
    • Screening: Removal of large debris using mesh filters.
    • Aeration: Exposing water to the atmosphere to remove odors and enhance oxygen content.
    • Sedimentation: Allowing suspended matter to settle at the tank's bottom.

    Water Storage Requirements

    • Storage facilities ensure water availability during supply interruptions, ideally located at high points for pressure maintenance.
    • Considerations for storage design include:
      • Use of non-corrosive, shatter-proof materials.
      • Insulation and proper ventilation in plant rooms for larger buildings.

    Cold Water Storage Capacity

    • Designed to meet 24-hour demand during supply outages; varies based on water usage and number of consumers.
    • Estimated storage requirements per person for different types of buildings:
      • Hostels: 90 liters
      • Hotels: 135 liters
      • Offices (with canteen): 45 liters
      • Restaurants (per meal): 7 liters
      • Nursing homes: 135 liters

    Hot Water Supply

    • Required hot water temperature is approximately 45˚C.

    Types of Valves

    • Gate/Sluice Valve: Controls the flow in low-pressure systems; less resistance than globe valves.
    • Drain Valve: Located at the lowest point for drainage purposes.
    • Float Valve: Automatic control for water levels in cisterns.

    Tap Types for Water Supply

    • Bib Tap: Mounted on walls, typically used for external hose connections.
    • Pillar Tap: Supplies water to basins; features a long vertical male thread.
    • Plug Cocks: Use a tapering plug for quick water shut-off, can be operated by a quarter turn.

    Recycled Water System

    • Two main sources: rainwater and greywater (from sinks, baths, and showers).
    • Greywater systems capture wastewater before it reaches sewage systems but are more expensive due to required filtration.
    • Rainwater recycling is often more affordable, particularly in areas with consistent rainfall.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the purification process of water acquired from various sources, highlighting the importance of removing pollutants to ensure it is safe for consumption. It explores contamination sources such as rainfall and other environmental factors that introduce impurities into water systems.

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