Water Loss and Dehydration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid levels inside cells?

  • Potassium (correct)
  • Calcium
  • Chloride
  • Sodium

    • What is the recommended daily intake of sodium for adults?

  • 500 mg
  • 3400 mg
  • 1500 mg
  • 2400 mg (correct)

    • What can result from sodium deficiency?

  • Muscle cramps
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What happens when the body ingests excessive sodium?

    <p>The kidneys flush out the excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition caused by a deficiency of iron in the blood?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral's primary function is related to thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of water in the body?

    <p>To regulate fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by excessive water retention in the body?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way that water is lost from the body?

    <p>Skin hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of dehydration?

    <p>Muscle cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a decrease in body fluid levels?

    <p>Fluid volume deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of fluid volume excess?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sodium/potassium pump?

    <p>To transport sodium and potassium across cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition known as when excessive water is consumed quickly?

    <p>Water intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Tooth enamel strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential consequence of fluoride deficiency?

    <p>Dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of selenium in the body?

    <p>Antioxidant activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a good source of selenium?

    <p>Meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by excessive copper accumulation in the body?

    <p>Wilson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chromium in the body?

    <p>Carbohydrate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily water intake for adults?

    <p>6-8 glasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between hard water and soft water?

    <p>Hard water contains high levels of calcium and magnesium, while soft water contains sodium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functions of water in the body?

    <p>It regulates body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds electrolyte loss?

    <p>Hypertonic Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with dehydration?

    <p>Excessive appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary extracellular cation responsible for maintaining fluid balance?

    <p>Sodium (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dimensions of health focuses on emotional resilience and mental well-being?

    <p>Emotional health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do minerals play in the body?

    <p>Provide rigidity and strength to bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major electrolyte is primarily involved in heart function?

    <p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA of calcium for adults over the age of 50?

    <p>1200 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered factors that enhance calcium absorption?

    <p>Adequate vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of calcium deficiency?

    <p>Bone loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trace mineral is primarily involved in oxygen transport?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Estimated Minimum Requirement (EMR) of sodium for adults?

    <p>500 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a good source of calcium?

    <p>White bread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is associated with immune function and plays a role in over 200 enzymes?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive phosphorus intake lead to regarding calcium absorption?

    <p>Decreased calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Loss from the Body

    • Water is lost through urine, sweat, feces, insensible perspiration, and other bodily fluids like tears, vomit, blood, and drainage from burns and ulcers.

    Functions of Water

    • Water is a solvent that dissolves and transports nutrients and waste.
    • It lubricates joints and organs.
    • It helps regulate body temperature.
    • Water provides structure and rigidity to cells.
    • It participates in metabolic reactions.

    Dehydration Types and Causes

    • Isotonic dehydration: Loss of equal amounts of water and electrolytes, caused by insufficient fluid intake and fluid shifts.
    • Hypertonic dehydration: Water loss exceeds electrolyte loss.
    • Hypotonic dehydration: Electrolyte loss exceeds water loss.

    Dehydration Symptoms

    • Increased pulse rate
    • Decreased urinary output
    • Poor skin turgor
    • Decreased blood pressure
    • Orthostatic hypotension
    • Dry mouth and skin
    • Fever
    • Unusual drowsiness
    • Lightheadedness or disorientation
    • Extreme thirst
    • Nausea
    • Slow or rapid breathing
    • Sudden weight loss

    Major Electrolytes and Functions

    • Sodium: Primary extracellular cation, maintains fluid balance, supports nerve and muscle function, and regulates blood pressure.
    • Potassium: Primary intracellular cation, maintains fluid balance, supports nerve and muscle function, and regulates heart function.
    • Chloride: Key extracellular anion, assists in fluid balance, and is a component of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    Causes of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) and Fluid Volume Excess

    • FVD: Caused by diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, excessive sweating, diuretics, and polyuria.
    • Fluid Volume Excess: Caused by compromised regulatory mechanisms, excess fluid intake, and excess sodium intake.

    Five Dimensions of Health

    • Physical
    • Intellectual
    • Emotional
    • Social
    • Spiritual

    Mineral Functions

    • Provide rigidity and strength to bones and teeth.
    • Regulate nerve and muscle function.
    • Act as cofactors for enzymes.
    • Maintain proper acid-base balance of body fluids.
    • Support blood clotting.
    • Facilitate tissue repair and growth.
    • Calcium: 1000 mg for men and women ages 19-50, 1200 mg for those over 50.
    • Phosphorus: 700 mg for men and women ages 19 and older.
    • Magnesium: 420 mg for men, 320 mg for women.
    • Sulfur: No specific RDA, adequate protein intake provides sufficient sulfur.
    • Sodium: No RDA, Estimated Minimum Requirement (EMR) is 500 mg for adults.
    • Potassium: EMR is 2000 mg for adults.
    • Chloride: EMR is 750 mg for adults.

    Calcium Sources

    • Dairy products: Milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream.
    • Non-dairy sources: Green leafy vegetables, small fish with bones, legumes, and tofu processed with calcium.

    Factors that Enhance or Decrease Calcium Absorption

    • Enhancers: Lactose, vitamin D, acidic digestive mass
    • Decreasers: Binders like phytic and oxalic acids, dietary fat, high-fiber intake and laxatives, excessive phosphorus or magnesium intake, sedentary lifestyle, certain drugs

    Calcium Deficiency and Toxicity

    • Deficiency: Osteoporosis, muscle spasms (tetany)
    • Toxicity: Constipation, urinary stone formation, reduced absorption of iron, zinc, and other minerals

    Trace Minerals and Functions

    • Iron: Oxygen transport, assists enzymes in oxygen use.
    • Zinc: Over 200 enzymes, growth, taste and smell, healing, immune system, carbohydrate metabolism.
    • Iodine: Thyroxine hormone production, growth, development, metabolism, body temperature.
    • Fluoride: Tooth formation, resistance to decay, bone mineralization.
    • Selenium: Antioxidant, thyroid function.
    • Copper: Coenzyme, antioxidant reactions, energy metabolism, wound healing, nerve fiber protection, iron use.
    • Chromium: Carbohydrate metabolism, glucose tolerance factor.
    • Manganese: Component of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions.
    • Molybdenum: Functions as a cofactor.

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    Minerals & Water Quiz Test PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on water loss from the body and the various types of dehydration. This quiz covers the functions of water, the symptoms of dehydration, and its causes. Enhance your understanding of this essential component of human biology.

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