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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone)?
What is the primary function of ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone)?
- To decrease blood pressure
- To increase urine production
- To stimulate thirst
- To regulate water output (correct)
Which gland is responsible for storing and releasing ADH?
Which gland is responsible for storing and releasing ADH?
- Thyroid gland
- Anterior pituitary gland
- Adrenal gland
- Posterior pituitary gland (correct)
How much water is typically lost through the faces per day?
How much water is typically lost through the faces per day?
- 100-150 ml/day (correct)
- 50-100 ml/day
- 200-250 ml/day
- Over 250 ml/day
What is the total daily water output for a person?
What is the total daily water output for a person?
Which of the following statements about ADH is true?
Which of the following statements about ADH is true?
What percentage of body weight is represented by water in an adult male?
What percentage of body weight is represented by water in an adult male?
Which of the following best describes water's role in the body?
Which of the following best describes water's role in the body?
How does water contribute to body temperature regulation?
How does water contribute to body temperature regulation?
What is the main component of excretory fluid like urine?
What is the main component of excretory fluid like urine?
What factors influence an individual’s daily needs for water?
What factors influence an individual’s daily needs for water?
What is the recommended daily water intake for males?
What is the recommended daily water intake for males?
Which factors affect water losses?
Which factors affect water losses?
What is the total daily water input from drinking fluids, food ingestion, and metabolic water?
What is the total daily water input from drinking fluids, food ingestion, and metabolic water?
How is fluid ingestion primarily regulated in the human body?
How is fluid ingestion primarily regulated in the human body?
Which of the following is NOT a source of metabolic water intake?
Which of the following is NOT a source of metabolic water intake?
What physiological response is triggered by an increase in extracellular fluid osmolarity due to water insufficiency?
What physiological response is triggered by an increase in extracellular fluid osmolarity due to water insufficiency?
What is the typical range of urine output for a healthy adult per day?
What is the typical range of urine output for a healthy adult per day?
Which of the following represents insensible fluid losses?
Which of the following represents insensible fluid losses?
How much water is typically lost through perspiration and exhaled water vapor in a day?
How much water is typically lost through perspiration and exhaled water vapor in a day?
What triggers the thirst sensation in individuals experiencing water insufficiency?
What triggers the thirst sensation in individuals experiencing water insufficiency?
What happens to the secretion of ADH when the body is dehydrated?
What happens to the secretion of ADH when the body is dehydrated?
How does ADH function in response to dehydration?
How does ADH function in response to dehydration?
What is the primary effect of elevated ADH levels during dehydration?
What is the primary effect of elevated ADH levels during dehydration?
In the case of dehydration, the volume of urine produced by the kidneys is affected how?
In the case of dehydration, the volume of urine produced by the kidneys is affected how?
What physiological condition triggers the secretion of ADH?
What physiological condition triggers the secretion of ADH?
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Study Notes
Water Intake and Output
-
Water Input
- Daily Intake: 2,500-3,000 ml/day (male)
- Sources:
- Ingested fluids (drinking): 1,200 ml/day
- Ingested food: 1,000 ml/day
- Metabolic water: 300 ml/day
- Thirst Regulation: Water insufficiency increases extracellular fluid osmolarity, stimulating osmoreceptors in the brain, leading to increased thirst sensation.
-
Water Output
- Daily Output: 2,500 ml/day
- Regulation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
- Dehydration increases ADH secretion to suppress urine volume.
- Routes:
- Urine: 750-1,500 ml/day
- Perspiration (sweating) + water vapor in expired air: 500-800 ml/day (insensible fluid losses)
-
Water in the Body:
- Represents approximately 65% of body weight in adult males (55% in females).
- Serves as the medium for chemical reactions within cells.
- Acts as a universal solvent in the body.
- Plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining constant body temperature.
- Primary constituent of all body fluids (blood, lymph, tissue fluid).
- Serves as the transporting agent of the body.
- Main constituent of secretions (saliva, gastric juice, bile, intestinal juice, sweat).
- Main constituent of excretory fluid (urine).
-
Balance:
- Water input should equal water output (intake = output).
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