Ch 5 sum: Water resources
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Ch 5 sum: Water resources

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common state of water on Earth?

  • Liquid Water (correct)
  • Water Vapor
  • Snow
  • Ice

    • Why does ice float in liquid water?

  • Ice has a higher temperature than liquid water.
  • Ice is more dense than liquid water.
  • Ice contracts when it freezes.
  • Ice expands and is less dense than liquid water. (correct)

    • What forms clouds in the atmosphere?

  • Transpiration
  • Condensation (correct)
  • Evaporation
  • Precipitation

    • Which process releases water vapor into the air?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state is water when it forms clouds?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water vapor cools?

    <p>It condenses into tiny droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process includes both evaporation and transpiration?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is water vapor found in the atmosphere?

    <p>In the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held by oceans?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source provides nearly half of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant problem related to overfishing in oceans?

    <p>Reduced fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Earth's Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy resources are offered by oceans?

    <p>Wind and solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second largest reserve of fresh water according to the text?

    <p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects vertical circulation movement of water in oceans?

    <p>Earth's Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic activity is significantly influenced by nutrient-rich cold waters of currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key impacts of overfishing on marine biodiversity?

    <p>Decrease in the diversity of marine species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which desalination process is highlighted as energy-intensive and costly?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the vibrancy of the tourism industry along the coasts of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Warm ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are dams important for water management in South Africa?

    <p>To provide hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor affecting water quality due to human activities?

    <p>Urbanization and land use changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of high evaporation rates on water resources in South Africa?

    <p>Negative impact on agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change influence water management in South Africa?

    <p>Increasing frequency and severity of floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used in desalination to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p><strong>Reverse osmosis</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eutrophication due to agricultural impacts can lead to what environmental issue?

    <p><strong>Dead zones</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is primarily responsible for buying, purifying, and distributing water according to the text?

    <p>Municipalities and water boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned for sustainable water use?

    <p>Restoring wetlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government projects are highlighted in enhancing water availability according to the text?

    <p>The Orange River Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are key physical causes of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Geographical relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity is identified as contributing to floods through soil erosion and surface runoff?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hydrographs primarily help in understanding?

    <p>River discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Lag time' in hydrographs represents what concept?

    <p>The delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor typically shortens lag time and increases discharge, enhancing flood risks?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy for flood management in urban areas according to the text?

    <p>Preserving wetlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves water vapor cooling and condensing into water droplets to form clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float in liquid water?

    <p>Ice is less dense than liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of Earth’s weather and climate systems?

    <p>Hydrological cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water covers the largest percentage of Earth's surface area?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the hydrological cycle on Earth?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state is water when it forms clouds?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water vapor cools?

    <p><strong>It condenses into water droplets</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a severe threat to marine biodiversity, leading to fishing quotas and sustainability initiatives?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key impact of dams on ecosystems, biodiversity, and water quality?

    <p>Affecting ecosystems and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental issue resulting from oil spills, waste dumping, and runoff from land-based sources?

    <p>Ocean pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predicted impact of climate change on water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor affecting water quality due to human activities like urbanization and agriculture?

    <p>Eutrophication from fertilizers and pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the vibrancy of the tourism industry along the coasts of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>Warm currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is energy-intensive and costly but increasingly used to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held by oceans?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows warm water from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity influenced by nutrient-rich cold waters from currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does nearly half of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis come from, according to the text?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force behind surface ocean currents according to the text?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do icecaps and glaciers play in global water distribution?

    <p>Second largest reserve of fresh water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role played by municipalities in water management?

    <p>Managing local water resources and ensuring quality water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the strategies mentioned for sustainable water use in the text?

    <p>Restoring wetlands and removing invasive vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do flood hydrographs help in understanding?

    <p>Changes in river discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are characteristics of floods according to the text?

    <p>Leading to water-borne diseases and damaging infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a human cause contributing to floods through decreased natural water absorption?

    <p>Urbanization and removal of vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor typically influences flood risks by shortening lag time and increasing discharge?

    <p><strong>High rainfall</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float in liquid water?

    <p>Ice has a lower density than liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water is characterized by its ability to conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process releases water vapor into the air?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When water vapor cools and condenses into tiny droplets, what does it form?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where water vapor cools and forms clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water vapor produced by lakes and oceans?

    <p>As part of the hydrological cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the hydrological cycle according to the text?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves both evaporation from water bodies and transpiration from plants?

    <p>(Evapo)transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ocean currents in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Heating the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to move in ocean currents based on the text?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects deep ocean currents by causing colder water to sink?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Deflects water to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, impacting the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>The Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic activity significantly benefits from nutrient-rich cold waters of ocean currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source provides nearly half of the world's oxygen production through photosynthesis in oceans?

    <p>Algae and Plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource is not provided by oceans according to the text?

    <p>Freshwater Rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of overfishing mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reduced fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process cools water vapor leading to condensation and cloud formation?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do municipalities play in water management, especially regarding the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge in implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy according to the text?

    <p>Rapid urbanization and logistical constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity contributes to flood risks by accelerating runoff in urban areas?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of floods mentioned in the text with regard to their impact on society?

    <p>Extensive damage to infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Strong onshore winds combined with high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do human activities exacerbate floods according to the text?

    <p>With poor farming practices increasing soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of urbanization on flood risks as indicated in the text?

    <p>Shortening lag time and enhancing discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ocean pollution, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Devastating effects on marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do high evaporation rates affect water resources in South Africa?

    <p>Considerable loss of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Controlling floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor affecting water quality due to human activities like urbanization and agriculture?

    <p>Fertilizers and pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change impact water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and increased floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical challenge faced by South Africa due to being categorized as a semi-arid country?

    <p>Critical scarcity of water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Generating hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the variability of annual rainfall across South Africa?

    <p>Different regions having varying rainfall amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a severe threat to marine biodiversity, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ocean pollution due to waste dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor impacts vertical circulation of water in oceans according to the text?

    <p>Runoff variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Condensation into clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean current flows warm water from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe, influencing the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere within ocean currents?

    <p>Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second largest reserve of fresh water according to the text?

    <p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do warm ocean currents have on the air above them, influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Increase air temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of energy resources, what is a non-renewable source found beneath the ocean floor?

    <p>Oil and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of ocean currents in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Heating and cooling the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects water density, causing water movements in ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Agulhas Current' and 'The Benguela Current' significantly impact the climate and marine life of which region?

    <p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity facilitated by nutrient-rich cold waters from currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Tourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force of the hydrological cycle described in the text?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does water vapor condense into tiny droplets to form clouds?

    <p>Upon cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water covers the largest percentage of Earth's surface area?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes ice to float on liquid water?

    <p>Expansion and further separation of water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the release of water vapor into the air by plants and water bodies?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when water vapor cools and condenses into tiny droplets?

    <p>Cloud formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines ice as a solid form of water?

    <p>Decreased volume when freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water evaporates from lakes and oceans according to the text?

    <p>Generation of water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does desalination impact water resources in arid regions?

    <p>It provides fresh water but is energy-intensive and expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by overfishing on marine biodiversity?

    <p>Disruption of the food chain and depletion of fish populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems and biodiversity in South Africa?

    <p>They disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity through various factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key impacts of urbanization on water resources?

    <p>Altered river flows, runoff pollution, and increased flood risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does climate change affect water management in South Africa?

    <p>It increases dry spells and flood severity, posing challenges to management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI)?

    <p>Regulating fishing quotas to protect marine biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a decrease in runoff on the east coast of South Africa lead to?

    <p>Lower stream flow levels and impacts on aquatic ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary challenge to implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of municipalities in water management according to the text?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned for sustainable water use in the text?

    <p>Implementing non-pollution practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some major projects undertaken by the government to enhance water availability?

    <p>Orange River Project and Lesotho Highlands Water Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to significant coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>High tides combined with strong onshore winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do human activities worsen flood risks according to the text?

    <p>Impermeable surfaces in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of floods mentioned in the text with regard to urban areas?

    <p>Shortened lag time and increased discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hydrographs crucial tools for according to the text?

    <p>Understanding river discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water vapor to condense into clouds?

    <p>Cooling and condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water is characterized by its ability to conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when ice floats on liquid water?

    <p>Water molecules expand and move further apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process releases water vapor into the air?

    <p>Transpiration from plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water on Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents affect climate patterns?

    <p>By reducing air temperature above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production in the oceans?

    <p>Phytoplankton and algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes warm water to flow across the Atlantic from the USA to Europe, influencing the climate of north-western Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are icecaps and glaciers significant in global water distribution?

    <p>They are the primary source of freshwater resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of overfishing on fish stocks according to the text?

    <p>Decreased fish populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gravity in ocean currents?

    <p>Influencing the movement of vertical circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of aquaculture as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Supplementing wild fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cold ocean currents influence climate patterns?

    <p>By cooling the air above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rivers play in surface water distribution according to the text?

    <p>They replenish groundwater supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents?

    <p>It deflects currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of municipalities in water management according to the text?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes rivers to overflow based on the text?

    <p>Debris accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing flood risks according to the text?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major projects highlight the government's role in enhancing water availability?

    <p>Orange River Project and Lesotho Highlands Water Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are low-lying areas particularly susceptible to flooding based on the text?

    <p>Geographical relief causing slower river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of developing in known flood-prone areas according to the text?

    <p>Greater infrastructure damage from floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Deforestation and Poor Farming' practices contribute to floods by:

    <p>Increasing soil erosion and decreasing water infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Debris Accumulation' in water flow can lead to floods due to:

    <p>Slowing down river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Discharge Patterns' in hydrographs help understand:

    <p>'Discharge changes before, during, and after storm events'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of floods on society according to the text?

    <p>Causing extensive damage to infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of desalination processes mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide fresh water from seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems and biodiversity according to the text?

    <p>Negatively affect ecosystems and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by climate change to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and increased flood severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do high evaporation rates impact water availability in South Africa?

    <p>Lead to water scarcity and loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that influences river systems in South Africa?

    <p>Relatively small river sizes compared to other African rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do urbanization and human activities affect river flows according to the text?

    <p>Accelerate polluted runoff into rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do shipping routes play in relation to warm ocean currents?

    <p>They are influenced by the direction of warm ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fishing quotas and sustainability initiatives like SASSI important according to the text?

    <p>To preserve marine biodiversity and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ocean pollution impact marine life and human health?

    <p>It devastates marine life and poses health risks to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of South African rivers compared to other major African rivers?

    <p>Relatively smaller river sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents influence the air above them?

    <p>Increase its capacity to hold water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fresh water on Earth?

    <p>Icecaps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences deep ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity is significantly impacted by overfishing of oceans?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary causes of coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Sea level rise and storm surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect impact ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Causes water to deflect to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major economic activity associated with nutrient-rich cold waters from currents like the Benguela?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oceans considered a vital source of oxygen production?

    <p>Algae and plankton in oceans contribute nearly half of oxygen production through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy resources are primarily sourced from oceans according to the text?

    <p>Wind, wave, and solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gravity in influencing ocean currents?

    <p>Affecting vertical circulation of water, especially in deep ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of ice causes it to float on liquid water?

    <p>Decreased density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of clouds when water vapor cools?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is water vapor primarily found in the atmosphere?

    <p>In the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the continuous movement of water within the Earth and its atmosphere?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of water found on Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water is characterized by fluidity and shape conformity to its container?

    <p>Liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water vapor condenses?

    <p>It turns into liquid water droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key process releases water vapor into the air?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI)?

    <p>Implementing fishing quotas and sustainability initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm currents contribute to the economy of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa?

    <p>By supporting a vibrant tourism industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary methods used in desalination processes to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Boiling and reverse osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ocean pollution on human health, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increased risk of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect river runoff in South Africa?

    <p>Some areas will have increased runoff while others will have decreased runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental impact of dams mentioned in the text?

    <p>Destruction of habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to reduced infiltration and increased runoff in urban areas?

    <p>Urbanization and associated land use changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue can be directly attributed to the use of fertilizers and pesticides?

    <p><strong>Eutrophication</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydroelectric power generation is an essential function of dams. What other main function do dams serve?

    <p><strong>Flood control</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are municipalities and water boards responsible for buying, purifying, and distributing water?

    <p>To ensure equitable access to clean water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the challenges of implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy?

    <p>Logistical obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do urban areas contribute significantly to flood risks?

    <p>Accelerated surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the government in enhancing water availability based on the text?

    <p>Undertaking large-scale infrastructure projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do major projects like the Orange River Project contribute to water availability?

    <p>By enhancing water supply through infrastructure development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does deforestation contribute to the severity of floods?

    <p>By causing soil erosion and enhancing surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rapid melting of snow contribute to floods?

    <p>By increasing river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are wetlands important in flood management strategies?

    <p>To manage water flow and enhance infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role do municipalities play in water management according to the text?

    <p>Managing local water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization impact river flows according to the text?

    <p>It shortens lag time and increases discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of flood risk management strategies discussed in the text?

    <p>Effective land-use planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are non-pollution practices mentioned as part of sustainable water use strategies?

    <p>To maintain water quality and conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of flood hydrographs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Displaying changes in river discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary driving force of floods according to the text?

    <p>Sudden heavy rainfall events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do debris accumulation contribute to flooding as discussed in the text?

    <p>By obstructing water flow and causing rivers to overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental concern arises from poor farming practices according to the text?

    <p>Increased soil erosion and surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial influence of geographical relief on flooding as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Affecting river flow rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario contributes significantly to coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Strong onshore winds combined with high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor that can exacerbate flood frequency and severity based on the text?

    <p>Removal of vegetation in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor farming contribute to increased flood risks according to the text?

    <p>Enhancing surface runoff and soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of implementing land-use policies in known flood-prone areas?

    <p>Restricting development to reduce flood impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do low-lying areas face a higher susceptibility to flooding according to the text?

    <p>As they experience slower river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

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