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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the Earth's water is fresh?
What percentage of the Earth's water is fresh?
- 3% (correct)
- 97%
- 75%
- 50%
What process changes water into gas?
What process changes water into gas?
- Evaporation (correct)
- Cloud Formation
- Condensation
- Precipitation
What is the main salt in seawater?
What is the main salt in seawater?
- Calcium Chloride
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Potassium Nitrate
- Sodium Chloride (correct)
What is the term for water falling from the clouds to the ground?
What is the term for water falling from the clouds to the ground?
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What is the term for water changing from gas to liquid?
What is the term for water changing from gas to liquid?
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What percentage of the Earth's water is salty?
What percentage of the Earth's water is salty?
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What is the purpose of the sun in the water cycle?
What is the purpose of the sun in the water cycle?
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What is formed when water vapour turns back into liquid water?
What is formed when water vapour turns back into liquid water?
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What is responsible for making rainwater slightly acidic?
What is responsible for making rainwater slightly acidic?
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Study Notes
Water Coverage and Types
- Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered in water
- 97% of the Earth's water is salty seawater, leaving 3% as fresh water
The Water Cycle
- The water cycle is powered by the sun
- Steps in the water cycle:
- Evaporation: Sun heats seawater, turning it into water vapour
- Condensation: Water vapour turns back into liquid water, forming clouds
- Precipitation: Water falls from clouds as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
- Runoff: Water flows into streams, rivers, and eventually back to the sea
Freshwater and Seawater
- Rainwater is slightly acidic due to carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
- Acidic rain absorbs mineral salts, including sodium and chloride, from rocks
- Dissolved salts, particularly sodium chloride, make seawater salty
- Rainwater carries dissolved salts to rivers, streams, and eventually the sea, making seawater salty
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