Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?
What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?
- 1%
- 3% (correct)
- 10%
- 15%
The water cycle is primarily driven by energy from the Moon.
The water cycle is primarily driven by energy from the Moon.
False (B)
Name one process through which water enters the atmosphere.
Name one process through which water enters the atmosphere.
Evaporation
The process in which solid water evaporates directly into a gas is called ______.
The process in which solid water evaporates directly into a gas is called ______.
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Which process releases heat energy into the atmosphere?
Which process releases heat energy into the atmosphere?
About 97% of Earth's water is freshwater.
About 97% of Earth's water is freshwater.
What typically happens to temperature as altitude increases in the troposphere?
What typically happens to temperature as altitude increases in the troposphere?
Clouds form when warm, moist air rises and cools, leading to ______ of water vapor.
Clouds form when warm, moist air rises and cools, leading to ______ of water vapor.
Why is most of Earth's freshwater not easily available for human use?
Why is most of Earth's freshwater not easily available for human use?
What type of weather are cumulonimbus clouds primarily associated with?
What type of weather are cumulonimbus clouds primarily associated with?
Clouds can affect surface temperatures by reflecting solar radiation.
Clouds can affect surface temperatures by reflecting solar radiation.
What determines the type of precipitation that will fall from clouds?
What determines the type of precipitation that will fall from clouds?
Clouds transport water from one place to another, affecting precipitation _________ kilometers away.
Clouds transport water from one place to another, affecting precipitation _________ kilometers away.
Match the type of precipitation to its characteristics:
Match the type of precipitation to its characteristics:
What effect can heavy cloud cover have on the temperature range of a location?
What effect can heavy cloud cover have on the temperature range of a location?
Droplets in the cloud must be larger than 0.5 mm in diameter to fall as precipitation.
Droplets in the cloud must be larger than 0.5 mm in diameter to fall as precipitation.
How do clouds affect the Earth's surface temperature at night?
How do clouds affect the Earth's surface temperature at night?
Cumulonimbus clouds are formed when air cools and causes water droplets to ______ together.
Cumulonimbus clouds are formed when air cools and causes water droplets to ______ together.
What is the primary shape characteristic used to classify clouds?
What is the primary shape characteristic used to classify clouds?
Flashcards
Evaporation
Evaporation
The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas.
Condensation
Condensation
The process by which water changes from a gas to a liquid.
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
The continuous movement of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again.
Sublimation
Sublimation
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Condensation Nuclei
Condensation Nuclei
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Transpiration
Transpiration
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Convection Currents
Convection Currents
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Troposphere
Troposphere
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Cumulonimbus Clouds
Cumulonimbus Clouds
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Orographic Lifting
Orographic Lifting
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What type of weather are cumulonimbus clouds associated with?
What type of weather are cumulonimbus clouds associated with?
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How are clouds classified?
How are clouds classified?
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How do clouds transport water?
How do clouds transport water?
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How do clouds affect Earth's surface temperature?
How do clouds affect Earth's surface temperature?
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What effect does cloud cover have on temperature range?
What effect does cloud cover have on temperature range?
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How does precipitation form?
How does precipitation form?
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What are the different forms of precipitation?
What are the different forms of precipitation?
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What determines the type of precipitation?
What determines the type of precipitation?
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Why can multiple precipitation types fall during a storm?
Why can multiple precipitation types fall during a storm?
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What happens to water droplets when they reach a certain size?
What happens to water droplets when they reach a certain size?
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Study Notes
Earth's Water and the Water Cycle
- Earth's surface is largely covered by water, with 97% being saltwater in oceans.
- Only 3% of Earth's water is freshwater, but much of this isn't accessible for human use.
- The water cycle continuously circulates water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
- Key processes include evaporation, transpiration, and sublimation.
Evaporation and the Atmosphere
- Evaporation is the primary driver of the water cycle, powered by solar energy.
- Water molecules absorb solar energy and turn into water vapor (a gas).
- Other processes like transpiration (plants releasing water vapor) and sublimation (solid water transitioning directly to gas) also contribute.
- Evaporation, transpiration & sublimation add water vapor to the atmosphere.
Cloud Formation
- Warm, moist air rises in convection currents.
- Rising air cools, causing water vapor to condense around condensation nuclei (dust, pollen).
- Millions of droplets combine to form clouds.
- Mountains can force air to rise and condense, also leading to cloud formation.
- Condensation releases heat energy into the atmosphere.
- Cumulonimbus clouds, associated with thunderstorms, are formed by this process.
Cloud Types and Weather
- Cloud prefixes indicate altitude (e.g., cirrus - high altitude).
- Cloud shape, height, and size help classify clouds for identification.
- Clouds can affect weather directly (precipitation) and indirectly (wind movement).
- Clouds transport water and energy across distances.
Cloud's Impact on Temperature
- Clouds reflect incoming solar radiation, cooling Earth's surface.
- Clouds absorb and re-radiate heat from Earth's surface, warming the surface at night.
- Cloud cover influences daily temperature ranges of a specific location.
Precipitation
- Precipitation forms when water droplets in clouds become too heavy to remain suspended and fall.
- Precipitation type depends primarily on air temperature.
- Different forms of precipitation exist (rain, snow, sleet, hail)
- A storm can produce multiple forms of precipitation due to differing temperatures at various levels in the atmosphere.
- Droplets of approximately 0.2mm diameter are too heavy to stay aloft.
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