Water Contamination and Treatment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What causes water hardness?

Calcium and magnesium salts (correct)

Bicarbonates and silicates

Sodium and potassium salts

Chloride and fluoride compounds

How is temporary hardness in water classified?

As carbonate hardness (correct)

As sulfate hardness

As chloride hardness

As nitrate hardness

What is indicated by a pH value below 7?

Neutral conditions

Increasing alkalinity

Increasing acidity and corrosiveness (correct)

Environmental stability

What is the pH value of water in its natural state at its lowest?

5.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of rainwater contamination?

Carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for water hardness?

Organic matter from various sources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases can be caused by bacteria contamination in water?

Typhoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the chlorinating house in water treatment facilities?

To disinfect water Signup and view all the answers

What level of bacteria is considered acceptable in treated water?

0 bacteria per liter Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a direct result of untreated waste in water systems?

Improved water flavor Signup and view all the answers

Chlorine is commonly used in water treatment facilities for which purpose?

Water Disinfectant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about water treatment is false?

Chorine neutralizes all bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What role do storage tanks serve in water treatment facilities?

To prevent bacterial contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Stop Valve (globe type)?

To control the flow of water at high pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism used to operate the Drain Valve?

Rotating the handle clockwise to gradually reduce flow Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Drain Valve typically installed in a water distribution system?

At the lowest point of the pipe systems Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is used primarily for low-pressure installations?

Sluice Valve Signup and view all the answers

How is the flow of water controlled using the Gate or Sluice Valve?

By opening or closing the valve plate vertically Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a gate valve?

To raise or lower a metal gate in the pipeline Signup and view all the answers

Which type of valve is commonly used in high pressure and hot water pipework?

Globe Valve Signup and view all the answers

Which valve confines flow to a single direction?

Check Valve Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a globe valve from a gate valve?

Gate valves do not restrict flow when fully open Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is described as a simple water tap used for filling or emptying vessels?

Bib Tap Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an angle valve?

To create a 45-degree turn in fluid direction Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is used in a globe valve to control flow?

A disc lowered slowly by a screw Signup and view all the answers

Which valve would be least appropriate for low pressure flow applications?

Globe Valve Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a ball valve?

Regulates flow using a movable ball Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a drain-and-waste valve?

It is designed for draining water or liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the static pressure at the bottom of the system?

62.4 psi Signup and view all the answers

What component is utilized in an indirect system for multi-storey buildings?

Storage cistern Signup and view all the answers

Which type of system directly connects to the mains water pressure?

Direct system Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the suction tank or break tank?

Serve as a buffer between street mains and pumps Signup and view all the answers

Which option represents an illegal action in the described systems?

Using a booster pump to draw from the water main Signup and view all the answers

What does the distributing pipe convey in a cold water supply system?

Water from a cistern or hot water apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of supply system is referred to as providing hot water?

Hot water supply system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of water supply system mentioned?

Recycled water system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water Hardness and pH

Hardness in water results from calcium and magnesium salts; classified as temporary (carbonate) or permanent (noncarbonate).
pH levels below 7 indicate increasing acidity and corrosiveness, with natural water possibly having a pH as low as 5.5.
pH values above 7 suggest increasing alkalinity, with 14 representing the ultimate alkalinity.

Water Contamination Sources

Rainwater may contain carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, contributing to contamination.
Surface and subsurface water carry inorganic materials like calcium, magnesium, and sodium responsible for water hardness.
Organic matter from decaying vegetation, animals, and untreated waste can introduce bacteria, leading to diseases like typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.

Water Treatment Facilities

Water treatment involves storage tanks, pumping houses, impounding reservoirs, and chlorinating houses.
Effective chlorination reduces bacteria levels to safe amounts (e.g., 500 bacteria per liter significantly decreased to zero).

Chlorine Usage

Chlorine acts as a potent water disinfectant, ensuring safety in drinking water by eliminating pathogens.

Water Distribution Systems

Stop Valve (Globe Type): Controls flow in high-pressure situations by adjusting the opening with a rotating handle.
Gate or Sluice Valve: Used in low-pressure systems to shut off water flow by raising or lowering a gate.
Drain Valve: Installed at the lowest points in piping systems to facilitate the removal of accumulated water.

Water Supply Systems

Cold Water Supply System: Directly draws from mains water pressure.
Hot Water Supply System: May operate via different configurations, including direct and indirect systems.
Indirect System: Common in multi-storey buildings, utilizing storage cisterns or break tanks for added water storage.

Water System Valves

Gate Valve: Suitable for low pressure; allows full flow when open.
Globe Valve: Provides precise control of water flow, ideal for high pressure and hot water applications.
Check Valve: Ensures fluid flows in one direction, preventing backflow.
Angle Valve: Controls fluid direction, allowing it to exit at a right angle.
Ball Valve: Regulates flow using a movable ball that fits snugly against a seat.
Fixture Shutoff Valve: Enables individual control of water supply to fixtures.
Bib Tap: Simple tap used for filling or draining vessels.

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Description

Test your knowledge on water contamination sources and treatment processes. This quiz covers the impact of organic matter, bacteria contamination, and the role of water treatment facilities. Learn about how water quality affects health and safety.