Podcast
Questions and Answers
What causes water hardness?
What causes water hardness?
- Calcium and magnesium salts (correct)
- Bicarbonates and silicates
- Sodium and potassium salts
- Chloride and fluoride compounds
How is temporary hardness in water classified?
How is temporary hardness in water classified?
- As carbonate hardness (correct)
- As sulfate hardness
- As chloride hardness
- As nitrate hardness
What is indicated by a pH value below 7?
What is indicated by a pH value below 7?
- Neutral conditions
- Increasing alkalinity
- Increasing acidity and corrosiveness (correct)
- Environmental stability
What is the pH value of water in its natural state at its lowest?
What is the pH value of water in its natural state at its lowest?
Which of the following is a source of rainwater contamination?
Which of the following is a source of rainwater contamination?
What is primarily responsible for water hardness?
What is primarily responsible for water hardness?
Which of the following diseases can be caused by bacteria contamination in water?
Which of the following diseases can be caused by bacteria contamination in water?
What is the main function of the chlorinating house in water treatment facilities?
What is the main function of the chlorinating house in water treatment facilities?
What level of bacteria is considered acceptable in treated water?
What level of bacteria is considered acceptable in treated water?
Which is NOT a direct result of untreated waste in water systems?
Which is NOT a direct result of untreated waste in water systems?
Chlorine is commonly used in water treatment facilities for which purpose?
Chlorine is commonly used in water treatment facilities for which purpose?
Which of the following statements about water treatment is false?
Which of the following statements about water treatment is false?
What role do storage tanks serve in water treatment facilities?
What role do storage tanks serve in water treatment facilities?
What is the primary function of a Stop Valve (globe type)?
What is the primary function of a Stop Valve (globe type)?
What is the mechanism used to operate the Drain Valve?
What is the mechanism used to operate the Drain Valve?
Where is the Drain Valve typically installed in a water distribution system?
Where is the Drain Valve typically installed in a water distribution system?
Which valve is used primarily for low-pressure installations?
Which valve is used primarily for low-pressure installations?
How is the flow of water controlled using the Gate or Sluice Valve?
How is the flow of water controlled using the Gate or Sluice Valve?
What is the primary function of a gate valve?
What is the primary function of a gate valve?
Which type of valve is commonly used in high pressure and hot water pipework?
Which type of valve is commonly used in high pressure and hot water pipework?
Which valve confines flow to a single direction?
Which valve confines flow to a single direction?
What distinguishes a globe valve from a gate valve?
What distinguishes a globe valve from a gate valve?
Which valve is described as a simple water tap used for filling or emptying vessels?
Which valve is described as a simple water tap used for filling or emptying vessels?
What is the function of an angle valve?
What is the function of an angle valve?
What mechanism is used in a globe valve to control flow?
What mechanism is used in a globe valve to control flow?
Which valve would be least appropriate for low pressure flow applications?
Which valve would be least appropriate for low pressure flow applications?
What best describes a ball valve?
What best describes a ball valve?
What is a characteristic feature of a drain-and-waste valve?
What is a characteristic feature of a drain-and-waste valve?
What is the static pressure at the bottom of the system?
What is the static pressure at the bottom of the system?
What component is utilized in an indirect system for multi-storey buildings?
What component is utilized in an indirect system for multi-storey buildings?
Which type of system directly connects to the mains water pressure?
Which type of system directly connects to the mains water pressure?
What is a primary function of the suction tank or break tank?
What is a primary function of the suction tank or break tank?
Which option represents an illegal action in the described systems?
Which option represents an illegal action in the described systems?
What does the distributing pipe convey in a cold water supply system?
What does the distributing pipe convey in a cold water supply system?
Which type of supply system is referred to as providing hot water?
Which type of supply system is referred to as providing hot water?
Which of the following is not a type of water supply system mentioned?
Which of the following is not a type of water supply system mentioned?
Study Notes
Water Hardness and pH
- Hardness in water results from calcium and magnesium salts; classified as temporary (carbonate) or permanent (noncarbonate).
- pH levels below 7 indicate increasing acidity and corrosiveness, with natural water possibly having a pH as low as 5.5.
- pH values above 7 suggest increasing alkalinity, with 14 representing the ultimate alkalinity.
Water Contamination Sources
- Rainwater may contain carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, contributing to contamination.
- Surface and subsurface water carry inorganic materials like calcium, magnesium, and sodium responsible for water hardness.
- Organic matter from decaying vegetation, animals, and untreated waste can introduce bacteria, leading to diseases like typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.
Water Treatment Facilities
- Water treatment involves storage tanks, pumping houses, impounding reservoirs, and chlorinating houses.
- Effective chlorination reduces bacteria levels to safe amounts (e.g., 500 bacteria per liter significantly decreased to zero).
Chlorine Usage
- Chlorine acts as a potent water disinfectant, ensuring safety in drinking water by eliminating pathogens.
Water Distribution Systems
- Stop Valve (Globe Type): Controls flow in high-pressure situations by adjusting the opening with a rotating handle.
- Gate or Sluice Valve: Used in low-pressure systems to shut off water flow by raising or lowering a gate.
- Drain Valve: Installed at the lowest points in piping systems to facilitate the removal of accumulated water.
Water Supply Systems
- Cold Water Supply System: Directly draws from mains water pressure.
- Hot Water Supply System: May operate via different configurations, including direct and indirect systems.
- Indirect System: Common in multi-storey buildings, utilizing storage cisterns or break tanks for added water storage.
Water System Valves
- Gate Valve: Suitable for low pressure; allows full flow when open.
- Globe Valve: Provides precise control of water flow, ideal for high pressure and hot water applications.
- Check Valve: Ensures fluid flows in one direction, preventing backflow.
- Angle Valve: Controls fluid direction, allowing it to exit at a right angle.
- Ball Valve: Regulates flow using a movable ball that fits snugly against a seat.
- Fixture Shutoff Valve: Enables individual control of water supply to fixtures.
- Bib Tap: Simple tap used for filling or draining vessels.
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Description
Test your knowledge on water contamination sources and treatment processes. This quiz covers the impact of organic matter, bacteria contamination, and the role of water treatment facilities. Learn about how water quality affects health and safety.
