Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
- 100 degrees Celsius (correct)
- 50 degrees Celsius
- 0 degrees Celsius
- 200 degrees Celsius
At what temperature does water have its maximum density?
At what temperature does water have its maximum density?
- 0 degrees Celsius
- 100 degrees Celsius
- 25 degrees Celsius
- 4 degrees Celsius (correct)
How much does water expand when it freezes?
How much does water expand when it freezes?
- 20%
- 5%
- 10% (correct)
- 15%
What happens to temporary hard water when heated above 65°C?
What happens to temporary hard water when heated above 65°C?
What type of hardness in water can be removed by a base exchange method?
What type of hardness in water can be removed by a base exchange method?
By how much does water expand when converted to steam?
By how much does water expand when converted to steam?
What common issue arises from hard water in appliances?
What common issue arises from hard water in appliances?
What effect does heating water from 4°C to 99°C have on its volume?
What effect does heating water from 4°C to 99°C have on its volume?
What role does zinc play in a galvanic cell?
What role does zinc play in a galvanic cell?
What is temporary hardness in water?
What is temporary hardness in water?
What effect does limescale have on plumbing systems?
What effect does limescale have on plumbing systems?
What is the measurement used to define hard water?
What is the measurement used to define hard water?
If water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius and changes to steam, what type of heat is this process classified as?
If water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius and changes to steam, what type of heat is this process classified as?
At what pH level is water considered neutral?
At what pH level is water considered neutral?
Which pH scale range classifies water as acidic?
Which pH scale range classifies water as acidic?
Which term refers to water's ability to dissolve lead?
Which term refers to water's ability to dissolve lead?
Which chemical method can be used to protect iron pipework from corrosion?
Which chemical method can be used to protect iron pipework from corrosion?
What occurs when a gas turns into a liquid?
What occurs when a gas turns into a liquid?
How does capillary action of water primarily function?
How does capillary action of water primarily function?
What is a common result of ferrous oxide buildup in central heating systems?
What is a common result of ferrous oxide buildup in central heating systems?
Which property of water creates surface tension?
Which property of water creates surface tension?
What is the boiling point of water at sea level in Celsius?
What is the boiling point of water at sea level in Celsius?
What effect does increasing pressure have on the boiling point of water?
What effect does increasing pressure have on the boiling point of water?
What happens to water when it freezes?
What happens to water when it freezes?
What is the term for the heat required to keep water boiling?
What is the term for the heat required to keep water boiling?
What component in water softeners holds calcium and magnesium?
What component in water softeners holds calcium and magnesium?
How do chemicals like polyphosphate stabilize salts in water?
How do chemicals like polyphosphate stabilize salts in water?
What is the operational principle of a magnetic scale inhibitor?
What is the operational principle of a magnetic scale inhibitor?
What is the primary purpose of using a galvanic cell scale inhibitor in plumbing systems?
What is the primary purpose of using a galvanic cell scale inhibitor in plumbing systems?
How does soft water typically affect the lifespan of pipework?
How does soft water typically affect the lifespan of pipework?
What effect does limescale have on appliances?
What effect does limescale have on appliances?
In terms of pH, how is water with a value between 1-6 classified?
In terms of pH, how is water with a value between 1-6 classified?
What type of heat is involved when water changes from liquid to steam at 100 degrees Celsius?
What type of heat is involved when water changes from liquid to steam at 100 degrees Celsius?
What happens to the volume of water when it is heated from up to 100ºC?
What happens to the volume of water when it is heated from up to 100ºC?
Which statement describes permanent hard water?
Which statement describes permanent hard water?
At what temperature does temporary hard water release scale when heated?
At what temperature does temporary hard water release scale when heated?
What is the effect of water expanding into steam?
What is the effect of water expanding into steam?
What characteristic does water acquire based on dissolved substances?
What characteristic does water acquire based on dissolved substances?
What is the freezing point of water?
What is the freezing point of water?
How does water behave when it reaches its maximum density?
How does water behave when it reaches its maximum density?
What impact does hard water have on cleaning?
What impact does hard water have on cleaning?
What happens to the boiling point of water when pressure is increased?
What happens to the boiling point of water when pressure is increased?
What type of heat results in a change in state from water to steam?
What type of heat results in a change in state from water to steam?
What is the primary action of a water softener?
What is the primary action of a water softener?
Which chemical is used in water treatment to prevent salt crystals from binding together?
Which chemical is used in water treatment to prevent salt crystals from binding together?
What effect does adding glycol to water have?
What effect does adding glycol to water have?
What is the result of water expanding by 4% when it is heated?
What is the result of water expanding by 4% when it is heated?
Which statement about water freezing is true?
Which statement about water freezing is true?
How does a magnetic scale inhibitor modify the water?
How does a magnetic scale inhibitor modify the water?
What term describes water that has the ability to dissolve lead?
What term describes water that has the ability to dissolve lead?
Which pH level indicates that water is considered acidic?
Which pH level indicates that water is considered acidic?
What protective method can be used for iron pipework to prevent corrosion?
What protective method can be used for iron pipework to prevent corrosion?
What happens when a liquid turns into a gas?
What happens when a liquid turns into a gas?
What is the pH scale range for alkaline water?
What is the pH scale range for alkaline water?
Which statement about ferrous oxide is true?
Which statement about ferrous oxide is true?
What effect does cohesive nature of water have on its behavior?
What effect does cohesive nature of water have on its behavior?
What is a characteristic of capillary action in water?
What is a characteristic of capillary action in water?
Flashcards
Boiling Point of Water
Boiling Point of Water
The temperature at which water changes from liquid to gas (steam).
Water Hardness
Water Hardness
A measure of the amount of dissolved minerals, mainly calcium and magnesium, in water. Hard water requires more soap to lather and can cause limescale build-up.
Temporary Hard Water
Temporary Hard Water
Water hardness caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium carbonates. It can be removed by heating the water above 65 degrees Celsius.
Permanent Hard Water
Permanent Hard Water
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Limescale
Limescale
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Water's Solvency
Water's Solvency
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Ice Expansion
Ice Expansion
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Freezing Point of Water
Freezing Point of Water
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Water Adhesion
Water Adhesion
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Water Evaporation
Water Evaporation
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Sensible Heat
Sensible Heat
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Latent Heat
Latent Heat
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Water Softening
Water Softening
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Magnetic Scale Inhibitor
Magnetic Scale Inhibitor
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Electrical Scale Inhibitor
Electrical Scale Inhibitor
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Plumbosolvent (Lead-dissolving)
Plumbosolvent (Lead-dissolving)
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Cuprosolvent (Copper-dissolving)
Cuprosolvent (Copper-dissolving)
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Evaporation
Evaporation
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Freezing
Freezing
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Condensation
Condensation
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Capillary action
Capillary action
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Capillary action (Problem for plumbers)
Capillary action (Problem for plumbers)
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Cohesive nature of water
Cohesive nature of water
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What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
What is the boiling point of water at sea level?
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When water reaches 100 degrees and turns to steam, how much does it expand by?
When water reaches 100 degrees and turns to steam, how much does it expand by?
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What is temporary hardness in water?
What is temporary hardness in water?
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What is permanent hardness in water?
What is permanent hardness in water?
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With reference to the pH scale, water that is between 1-6 is classed as what?
With reference to the pH scale, water that is between 1-6 is classed as what?
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Water Expansion
Water Expansion
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Steam Expansion
Steam Expansion
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Hard Water
Hard Water
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What is plumbosolvent?
What is plumbosolvent?
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What is the pH scale?
What is the pH scale?
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What is cuprosolvent?
What is cuprosolvent?
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What is evaporation?
What is evaporation?
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What is capillary action?
What is capillary action?
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What is the cohesive nature of water?
What is the cohesive nature of water?
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What is condensation?
What is condensation?
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What is freezing?
What is freezing?
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Boiling Point
Boiling Point
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What is temporary hardness?
What is temporary hardness?
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What is permanent hardness?
What is permanent hardness?
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With reference of the PH scale water that is between 1-6 in classed as what?
With reference of the PH scale water that is between 1-6 in classed as what?
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Study Notes
Scientific Properties and Principles of Water
- Water is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen (Hâ‚‚O).
- Pure water is rare; it's a powerful solvent.
- Over time, water can erode, corrode, and absorb various substances depending on its environment.
- This absorption gives water characteristics like hardness, softness, acidity, and alkalinity.
- The water cycle involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation.
- Hard water contains minerals like calcium and magnesium.
- Temporary hard water contains calcium carbonates which can be removed by heating the water above 65°C . This creates limescale.
- Permanent hard water contains calcium sulfates; it requires a base exchange method (e.g., a water softener) to remove.
- Hardness in water is measured in parts per million (PPM). Over 200 PPM typically requires treatment.
- Water's acidity or alkalinity is measured using the pH scale.
- Pure water has a neutral pH of 7; between 1-6 it is acidic; and 8-14 is alkaline.
- Water expands as it is heated up to 100°C; the expansion is usually up to 4% from 4°C to 99°C.
- Water expands approximately 1,600 times its original volume upon boiling to form steam.
- Water expands by approximately 10% when it freezes.
- Water's maximum density is at 4°C.
- The boiling point of pure water is 100°C at sea level.
- Adding antifreeze (glycol) reduces the freezing point of water.
- Water exhibits capillary action; it can be drawn upward or sideways against gravity between close-fitting surfaces. This action is affected by the size of the gap (or width.)
- Water's cohesive nature creates surface tension.
- Water's adhesive nature causes water to stick to other materials leading to a curved appearance (meniscus) for example in a manometer.
- Plumbers consider capillary action as a problem in plumbing (e.g., leaks inside or loss to an appliance). Conversely, plumbers use capillary action to their advantage (e.g., creating soldered joints).
- Water can also dissolve lead (plumbosolvent) and copper (cuprosolvent).
- Ferrous (iron) metals can rust in unprotected environments.
Quick Fire Questions
- Boiling point of water = 100°C
- Water has maximum density at 4°C
- Water expands 4% from 4°C to 99°C
- Steam expansion = 1,600 times
- Water expansion when freezing = 10%
Types of Heat
- Sensible heat: When heat is added to water, its temperature increases without changing state.
- Latent heat: When heat is added to water; it causes a change of state, like changing from liquid to gas.
Water Treatment Methods
- Water Softener: Removes hard water minerals like calcium and magnesium through zeolite or resin beds; the softening unit uses a brine solution to clean and maintain the resin beds.
- Chemicals or Polyphosphates: Stabilize minerals to stop hard scale formation, preventing mineral crystals from bonding.
- Magnetic Scale Inhibitor: Passes water through a strong magnetic field to change the salt crystals, preventing sticking and scale formation.
- Electrical Scale Inhibitor: Uses low-level radio waves produced by a magnetic field to alter salt crystals preventing scale formation.
- Galvanic Cell Scale Inhibitor: Uses a combination of zinc and copper to develop an electron flow to break down scale buildup in appliances or systems.Â
Lesson Intent
- Students will learn to identify different types of water.
- Students will be able to describe water properties in different states.
- Students will be able to compare temporary and permanent hard water.
Types of Hardness
- Temporary hardness: Dissolved calcium carbonate. Removing the minerals requires heating the water.
- Permanent hardness: Dissolved calcium sulfate, removing this requires alternative methods like a water softener.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties and characteristics of water, including its boiling point, density, and hardness. This quiz covers various chemical concepts related to water, making it essential for students of chemistry and environmental science.
