Water as a Nucleophile in Metabolic Reactions

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Questions and Answers

Which type of molecule is water considered in terms of its nucleophilic properties?

  • Free radical
  • Electrophile
  • Nucleophile (correct)
  • Neutral molecule

What atoms of biologic molecules are mentioned as nucleophiles in the text?

  • Nitrogen and sulfur
  • Carbon and phosphorus
  • Hydrogen and oxygen
  • Oxygen and nitrogen (correct)

Which type of bond is typically cleaved by nucleophilic attack by water?

  • Disulfide bonds
  • Peptide bonds
  • Amide, glycoside, or ester bonds (correct)
  • Phosphodiester bonds

In what type of reaction is water a product when monomer units are joined together?

<p>Dehydration synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bonds in polypeptides and oligonucleotides are noted as stable in the cell's aqueous environment?

<p>Peptide and phosphoester bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common electrophile mentioned in the text?

<p>Phosphorus atoms in phosphoesters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins tend to fold with the R-groups of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains?

<p>In the interior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do most biomolecules possess in terms of functional groups?

<p>Regions rich in charged or polar functional groups as well as regions with hydrophobic character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do amphipathic biomolecules have in terms of characteristics?

<p>They possess regions rich in both charged/polar functional groups and hydrophobic character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component constitutes the foundation of the plasma membrane of an animal cell?

<p>Bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions do the forces involving biomolecules and water have?

<p>Repulsive within the biomolecule and attractive with water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are amino acids with charged or polar side chains generally present in proteins?

<p>On the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functional groups on serine, tyrosine, and threonine are points of covalent attachment for phosphoryl groups?

<p>Hydroxyl groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds link amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

<p>Covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a polypeptide determined by?

<p>Number and order of amino acid residues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are aminoacyl residues in peptides named compared to free amino acids?

<p>Replacing the suffix with -yl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the peptide Lys-Leu-Tyr-Gln, what is the name of the carboxy-terminal residue?

<p>Glutamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is present in the non-α peptide bond linking Glu to Cys in glutathione?

<p>Disulfide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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