Water as a Nucleophile in Metabolic Reactions
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Questions and Answers

Which type of molecule is water considered in terms of its nucleophilic properties?

  • Free radical
  • Electrophile
  • Nucleophile (correct)
  • Neutral molecule
  • What atoms of biologic molecules are mentioned as nucleophiles in the text?

  • Nitrogen and sulfur
  • Carbon and phosphorus
  • Hydrogen and oxygen
  • Oxygen and nitrogen (correct)
  • Which type of bond is typically cleaved by nucleophilic attack by water?

  • Disulfide bonds
  • Peptide bonds
  • Amide, glycoside, or ester bonds (correct)
  • Phosphodiester bonds
  • In what type of reaction is water a product when monomer units are joined together?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bonds in polypeptides and oligonucleotides are noted as stable in the cell's aqueous environment?

    <p>Peptide and phosphoester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common electrophile mentioned in the text?

    <p>Phosphorus atoms in phosphoesters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins tend to fold with the R-groups of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains?

    <p>In the interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most biomolecules possess in terms of functional groups?

    <p>Regions rich in charged or polar functional groups as well as regions with hydrophobic character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do amphipathic biomolecules have in terms of characteristics?

    <p>They possess regions rich in both charged/polar functional groups and hydrophobic character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component constitutes the foundation of the plasma membrane of an animal cell?

    <p>Bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interactions do the forces involving biomolecules and water have?

    <p>Repulsive within the biomolecule and attractive with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are amino acids with charged or polar side chains generally present in proteins?

    <p>On the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functional groups on serine, tyrosine, and threonine are points of covalent attachment for phosphoryl groups?

    <p>Hydroxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds link amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a polypeptide determined by?

    <p>Number and order of amino acid residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are aminoacyl residues in peptides named compared to free amino acids?

    <p>Replacing the suffix with -yl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the peptide Lys-Leu-Tyr-Gln, what is the name of the carboxy-terminal residue?

    <p>Glutamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is present in the non-α peptide bond linking Glu to Cys in glutathione?

    <p>Disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

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