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Questions and Answers
What condition is characterized by a decreased plasma sodium concentration below 130 mmol/L without evidence of volume depletion or oedema?
Which of the following interventions is crucial in managing SIADH?
What is the primary concern when rapidly correcting chronic dilutional hyponatremia?
Which condition is defined as having a plasma sodium concentration greater than 145 mmol/L?
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What is a primary symptom of hypernatremia due to the loss of water from neurons?
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Study Notes
Water and Electrolyte Balance
- The volume of the extracellular fluid (ECF) depends on the total body sodium content.
- Sodium is primarily found in the ECF.
- Water intake and loss are regulated to maintain a stable ECF osmolality and sodium concentration.
- Sodium balance is maintained by renal excretion regulation.
Hyponatremia
- Defined as a decreased plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol/L.
- Often presents with no clinical evidence of volume depletion or edema.
- Occurs in patients with normal renal, adrenal, and thyroid function.
Management of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Water intake restriction is crucial.
- Hypertonic saline administration carries the risk of fluid overload, potentially leading to pulmonary edema.
- Gradual sodium correction is essential for chronic dilutional hyponatremia to avoid central pontine myelinolysis.
- Addressing the underlying cause is vital.
Hypernatremia
- Defined as a plasma sodium concentration exceeding 145 mmol/L.
- Always hyperosmolar and less common than hyponatremia.
- Frequently observed in critically ill patients who may have difficulty drinking water.
- Neurologic symptoms are prominent due to neuronal cell water loss to the ECF, including tremors, irritability, ataxia, confusion, and coma.
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
- Characterized by dilute urine with a low osmolality.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the regulation of electrolyte balance, focusing on sodium levels and their impact on water homeostasis. This quiz covers topics such as hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and the management of SIADH. Ideal for students studying physiology and related health sciences.
