Water and Acids-Bases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What property of water allows it to dissolve many types of substances?

  • Covalent bonds
  • Dipolar nature (correct)
  • High temperature
  • Inability to separate charged molecules

    • Oxygen is less electronegative than hydrogen in water.

    False

    What type of bond is formed between water molecules?

    Hydrogen bond

    Water is often called the __________ solvent because it can dissolve numerous types of substances.

    <p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:

    <p>Covalent bond = Intramolecular bond between hydrogen and oxygen Electronegativity = Power to attract electrons Dipolar molecule = Molecule with partial positive and negative charges Hydrogen bond = Intermolecular bond between water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water allows it to dissolve and transport compounds in the blood?

    <p>Polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water does not participate in chemical reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in cellular compartments?

    <p>Water facilitates the movement of molecules into and throughout cellular compartments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is known as the __________ of life.

    <p>universal solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in biological systems?

    <p>Acts as an insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the roles of water with their descriptions:

    <p>Dissolves compounds = Transports nutrients and waste Dissipates heat = Regulates temperature Participates in reactions = Enables chemical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does water's ability to separate charged molecules have on solubility?

    <p>It increases solubility of ionic and polar substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water plays a role in the movement of molecules only inside cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the attraction of water molecules to cations?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-polar molecules can interact easily with water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component in a solution?

    <p>Solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polar molecules are described as ______ because they can interact with water.

    <p>hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their corresponding examples:

    <p>Air = Gas-Gas solution CO2 in H2O = Gas-Liquid solution NaCl in H2O = Solid-Liquid solution Steel = Solid-Solid solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting solubility?

    <p>Lighting Conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by amphiphilic or amphipathic?

    <p>Molecules that have both polar and non-polar regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The time needed for a substance to dissolve is referred to as the ______.

    <p>speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strong acid?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weak acids completely ionize in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conjugate base of acetic acid?

    <p>Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for pH is given by pH = -log10[H+], where [H+] represents the concentration of __________.

    <p>hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following acids with their conjugate bases:

    <p>Acetic acid = Acetate Citric acid = Citrate Carbonic acid = Bicarbonate Bicarbonate = Carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a solution is acidic or basic?

    <p>The concentration of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pH normally ranges between 7.35 and 7.45.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a buffer system in biological systems?

    <p>To minimize pH changes when acids or bases are added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight percentage (w/w) of solute in a 37% HCl solution?

    <p>37 g HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A base is a substance that can release hydrogen ions (protons).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of molarity (M)?

    <p>Molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 5% NaCl solution, there are ______ grams of NaCl in 100 mL of solution.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the solution types with their definitions:

    <p>Weight % (w/w) = Weight of solute in 100 g of solution Volume % (v/v) = Volume of solute in 100 mL of solution Weight:Volume % (w/v) = Weight of solute in 100 mL of solution Molarity (M) = Moles of solute in 1 L of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula correctly calculates weight percentage (w/w)?

    <p>$\frac{Weight\ of\ Solute\ g}{Weight\ of\ Solution\ g} \times 100$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An amphoteric substance can either release or accept hydrogen ions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 5% EtOH solution contains ______ mL of EtOH in 100 mL of solution.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water, Acids-Bases, and Buffer Systems

    • Learning Objectives: Recognize water structure, relate water structure to solubility, calculate concentrations in solutions, define acids and bases, and describe buffers.

    Water

    • Water's properties are crucial to biological molecule interactions. A thorough understanding of water's structure is vital.

    • Total Body Water: Approximately 60% of an adult's body weight. Water is distributed between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). Intracellular fluid (approximately 40% body weight) and Extracellular fluid (approximately 20% body weight).

    • Water as a Universal Solvent: Water dissolves and transports compounds in blood, plays a role in molecule movement within cells, separates charged molecules, dissipates heat, and takes part in chemical reactions.

    Solubility

    • Dipolar Nature: Water's dipolar nature is essential for its solvent function.

    • Universal Solvent: Water's ability to dissolve many substances makes it a universal solvent.

    • Ionic Substances: Water dissolves ionic substances by attracting cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) to opposing charges in water molecules.

    • Polar Molecules: Polar molecules can interact with water molecules. Such substances are called hydrophilic (“water-loving”).

    • Non-Polar Molecules: Non-polar molecules cannot interact with water and are called hydrophobic (“water-fearing”). These tend to clump together.

    Structure of Water

    • Water is a dipolar molecule due to oxygen's high electronegativity, which pulls electrons closer to it than the hydrogen atoms.

    • Hydrogen Bonds: Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, a crucial property in water's behavior.

    Solutions

    • Homogenous mixtures: Mixtures of two or more substances are considered solutions if they are homogenous.

    • Solvent: The major component is the solvent; the minor component is the solute.

    • Types of Solutions: Different combinations of gas, liquid, and solid substances can form solutions.

    Factors Affecting Solubility

    • Solute/Solvent: The type of solute and solvent influence solubility.

    • Temperature: Temperature change often affects solubility.

    • Pressure: Changes in pressure, especially relevant for gases dissolving in liquids, can impact solubility.

    • Common Ion Effect: The presence of a common ion can affect solubility.

    Factors Affecting Dissolving Speed

    • Temperature: Higher temperatures generally increase dissolving speed.

    • Particle Size: Smaller particles dissolve faster.

    • Mixing: Stirring or mixing enhances dissolving speed.

    Amount of Solute in a Solution

    • Weight Percent (w/w): Weight of solute per 100 g of solution.

    • Volume Percent (v/v): Volume of solute per 100 mL of solution.

    • Weight/Volume Percent (w/v): Weight of solute per 100 mL of solution.

    • Molarity (M): Moles of solute per liter of solution.

    Acid/Base

    • Acids: Substances that release hydrogen ions (protons).

    • Bases: Substances that accept hydrogen ions.

    • Amphoteric Substances: Substances that can act as both an acid and a base.

    • Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs: Acids and their corresponding bases.

    pH

    • pH Definition: The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. pH = -log10[H+].

    • Why use pH? It's a convenient scale for expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

    pH and Biological Functions

    • Biological systems maintain specific pH ranges, critical for optimal function. Blood pH is specifically narrow in its range.

    Buffer Systems

    • Buffer Action: Buffers resist changes in pH when acid or base is added to a solution.

    • Weak Acid/Conjugate Base or Base/Conjugate Acid: Buffer systems involve a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

    Regulation of Blood pH

    • Bicarbonate Buffer System: Critical for maintaining blood pH.

    • Phosphate Buffer System: Another important system for blood pH.

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    Water, Acids-Bases, and Buffer Systems Lecture Notes 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on water's structure, its role as a universal solvent, and the fundamentals of acids, bases, and buffer systems. This quiz will help you understand the significance of water in biological systems and how it interacts with various compounds. Prepare to explore the essential concepts that underlie solubility and pH balance.

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