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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of wastewater treatment?

  • To manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of water pollution. (correct)
  • To increase the threat of water pollution.
  • To promote the discharge of pollutants into the environment.
  • To solely focus on recycling water.

    • What does greywater consist of?

  • Industrial wastewater.
  • Rainfall runoff and snow melt.
  • Wastewater from toilets.
  • Household wastewater excluding toilet wastewater. (correct)

    • What percentage of household wastewater is typically greywater?

  • 90-100%
  • 20-40%
  • 50-80% (correct)
  • 10-30%

    • What does industrial wastewater refer to?

    <p>Wastewater discharged from industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the sources of wastewater?

    <p>Domestic or Municipal Wastewater, Industrial Wastewater, Infiltration and inflow, Storm water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does infiltration refer to in the context of wastewater?

    <p>Water that eventually enters the sewer from various sources such as foundation drains and leaking pipes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wastewater?

    <p>Part of the water supply to the community or industry that has been used and mixed with solids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does storm water include?

    <p>Rainfall runoff and snow melt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from greywater?

    <p>Wastewater from toilets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Minimize effects of discharge on the environment and remove pollutants for recycling and/or reuse of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries?

    <p>To reduce the threat of water pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does domestic or municipal wastewater include?

    <p>Wastewater discharged from residences, businesses, commercial facilities, institutions, and recreational facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of treatment utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater?

    <p>Secondary treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the grit chamber in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove rocks and gravel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the bar screen in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To catch large objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does B.O.D. stand for in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biological Oxygen Demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment process involves a physical process where wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle by gravity?

    <p>Primary treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sludge thickener in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To concentrate the sludge prior to disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lime stabilization in the disposal of sludge or biosolids?

    <p>To kill potential pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the final clarifiers in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove additional sludge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the trickling filter in secondary treatment?

    <p>To remove organic matter from the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove large objects and non-degradable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the measurement of Suspended Solids and B.O.D. in wastewater treatment indicate?

    <p>The effectiveness of treatment processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biological process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of household wastewater is typically greywater?

    <p>50-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'infiltration' refer to in the context of wastewater?

    <p>Water entering the sewer from foundation drains and leaking pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trickling filter in secondary treatment?

    <p>Biological degradation of organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does B.O.D. stand for in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biochemical Oxygen Demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the grit chamber in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove sand, gravel, and other heavy solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of wastewater treatment?

    <p>To reduce the threat of water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from greywater?

    <p>Wastewater from toilets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries?

    <p>To minimize the effects of discharge on the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does domestic or municipal wastewater include?

    <p>Wastewater from residences and institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does industrial wastewater refer to?

    <p>Wastewater discharged from industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove large objects and grit from the wastewater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does storm water include?

    <p>Rainfall runoff and snow melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does greywater typically consist of in household wastewater?

    <p>Water from kitchen sinks and bathroom sinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To reduce the threat of water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wastewater in the context of water supply to the community or industry?

    <p>Water mixed with solids either suspended or dissolved after being used for different purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the sources of municipal wastewater?

    <p>Residences, businesses, hospitals, and recreational facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the bar screen in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove large objects and non-degradable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the grit chamber in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove rocks, gravel, and broken glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To reduce the demand on public water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does B.O.D. stand for in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biochemical Oxygen Demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trickling filter in secondary treatment?

    <p>To provide a surface for bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the sludge thickener in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To concentrate the sludge prior to disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does storm water include in the context of wastewater?

    <p>Runoff from precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from greywater in household wastewater?

    <p>Toilet wastewater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biological process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the final clarifiers in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To remove additional sludge and reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does industrial wastewater refer to?

    <p>Wastewater from industrial processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of household wastewater is typically greywater?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater is cleaner than blackwater.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater can be used for laundry, toilet flushing, and irrigation of plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper treatment of greywater is necessary before it can be put to good use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the major benefits of using greywater is reducing the need for fresh water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary treatment in wastewater treatment is a physical process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary treatment utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trickling filter in secondary treatment 'filters' the water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of the final clarifiers in wastewater treatment is to remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sludge undergoes lime stabilization to kill potential pathogens before being land applied by injection into agricultural fields.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated sludge is a type of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sludge thickener in primary treatment is used to concentrate the sludge prior to disposal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical unit processes in wastewater treatment include chemical precipitation and disinfection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater includes wastewater from toilets

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater is simply the part of the water supply that has been used and mixed with solids

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storm water includes rainfall runoff and snow melt

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater treatment aims to reduce the threat of water pollution

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater includes wastewater from toilets, known as blackwater.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stormwater includes rainfall runoff and snow melt.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of wastewater treatment is to reduce the threat of water pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infiltration includes water that enters the sewer from leaking pipes and submerged manholes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater includes wastewater from toilets, known as blackwater.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storm water includes rainfall runoff and snow melt.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper treatment of greywater is not necessary before it can be put to good use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater treatment aims to minimize the effects of discharge on the environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater can be used for laundry, toilet flushing, and irrigation of plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater contains wastewater from toilets.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary treatment in wastewater treatment is a biological process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trickling filter in secondary treatment 'filters' the water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of the sludge thickener in wastewater treatment is to remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated sludge is a type of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The final clarifiers in wastewater treatment remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical unit processes in wastewater treatment include chemical precipitation and disinfection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater is relatively cleaner than blackwater.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater treatment aims to reduce the threat of water pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stormwater includes rainfall runoff and snow melt.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater is simply the part of the water supply that has been used and mixed with solids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater is always contaminated and cannot be reused for any purpose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of wastewater treatment is to reduce the threat of water pollution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stormwater is excluded from domestic or municipal wastewater.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industrial wastewater is only discharged from industrial facilities and not from any other sources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater can be used for laundry, toilet flushing, and irrigation of plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater is relatively cleaner than blackwater.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The final clarifiers in wastewater treatment remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated sludge is a type of primary treatment in wastewater treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trickling filter in secondary treatment 'filters' the water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary characteristic of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment is a physical process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper treatment of greywater is not necessary before it can be put to good use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wastewater treatment aims to minimize the effects of discharge on the environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary treatment in wastewater treatment is a biological process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical unit processes in wastewater treatment include chemical precipitation and disinfection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greywater includes wastewater from toilets, known as blackwater.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storm water includes rainfall runoff and snow melt.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of greywater?

    <p>Greywater is any household wastewater with the exception of wastewater from toilets, which is known as blackwater. Typically, 50-80% of household wastewater is greywater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs and showers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary sources of wastewater?

    <p>The primary sources of wastewater include domestic or municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, infiltration and inflow, and storm water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wastewater treatment?

    <p>The purpose of wastewater treatment is to manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of water pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is storm water and how does it contribute to wastewater?

    <p>Storm water refers to rainfall runoff and snow melt. It contributes to wastewater by entering the sewer system and becoming part of the wastewater treatment process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some uses of properly treated greywater?

    <p>water for laundry, toilet flushing, irrigation of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major benefits of using greywater?

    <p>reducing the need for fresh water, saving on water bills, reducing demands on public water supply, reducing wastewater entering sewers or treatment systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three classifications of treatment methods for greywater?

    <p>physical unit processes, chemical unit processes, biological unit processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the criteria for selecting a treatment scheme for wastewater?

    <p>wastewater quality, desired treated wastewater quality, available space for facilities, capital/operation costs, waste disposal constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels of wastewater treatment?

    <p>pre-treatment, preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>removing large objects and non-degradable materials, protecting pumps and equipment from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are suspended solids in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>the quantity of solid materials floating in the water column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is B.O.D. in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Biochemical Oxygen Demand - a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of primary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>slowing down wastewater flow for suspended solids to settle to the bottom by gravity, reducing suspended solids and B.O.D. of the wastewater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>further reducing the suspended solids and B.O.D. of the wastewater using a biological process with bacteria and algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process for disposal of sludge or biosolids in wastewater treatment?

    <p>stabilization with lime to kill potential pathogens, then land application by injection into agricultural fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trickling filter in secondary treatment?

    <p>removing organic matter from the water using organisms clinging to the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the purpose of wastewater treatment and why it is essential for managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries.

    <p>The purpose of wastewater treatment is to reduce the threat of water pollution by managing water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries. It is essential to minimize the environmental impact of domestic and industrial processes that use and pollute water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the sources of wastewater and provide examples of each source.

    <p>The sources of wastewater include domestic or municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, infiltration and inflow, and stormwater. Examples of these sources include residences, businesses, industrial facilities, and rainfall runoff and snow melt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between greywater and blackwater, and provide examples of each.

    <p>Greywater is any household wastewater except for wastewater from toilets, which is known as blackwater. Examples of greywater include wastewater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs, and showers. Blackwater includes wastewater from toilets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of greywater in household wastewater, and why is it important to distinguish between greywater and blackwater?

    <p>Typically, 50-80% of household wastewater is greywater, which includes wastewater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs, and showers. It is important to distinguish between greywater and blackwater because proper management and treatment of each type of wastewater are crucial for environmental and public health reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some uses of properly treated greywater?

    <p>Some uses of properly treated greywater include water for laundry, toilet flushing, and irrigation of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of treatment methods for wastewater?

    <p>The classification of treatment methods for wastewater includes physical unit processes, chemical unit processes, and biological unit processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major benefits of greywater use?

    <p>The major benefits of greywater use include reducing the need for fresh water, saving on fresh water use, and reducing the amount of wastewater entering sewers or on-site treatment systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels of wastewater treatment?

    <p>The levels of wastewater treatment include pre-treatment, preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, and tertiary treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>The primary function of preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment is to remove large objects and non-degradable materials, and to protect pumps and equipment from damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of primary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>The primary characteristic of primary treatment in wastewater treatment is a physical process where wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle to the bottom by gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>The primary function of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment is to further reduce the suspended solids and B.O.D. of the wastewater through a biological process utilizing bacteria and algae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lime stabilization in the disposal of sludge or biosolids?

    <p>The purpose of lime stabilization in the disposal of sludge or biosolids is to raise the pH by addition of lime to kill potential pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process for disposal of sludge or biosolids in wastewater treatment?

    <p>The process for disposal of sludge or biosolids in wastewater treatment involves lime stabilization to kill potential pathogens, followed by land application by injection into agricultural fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the measurement of Suspended Solids and B.O.D. in wastewater treatment indicate?

    <p>The measurement of Suspended Solids and B.O.D. in wastewater treatment indicates the effectiveness of treatment processes, as both decrease as water moves through the wastewater treatment processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the water criteria for treatment scheme selection in wastewater treatment?

    <p>The water criteria for treatment scheme selection in wastewater treatment include wastewater quality, desired treated wastewater quality, available space for facilities, capital/operation costs, and waste disposal constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels and type of wastewater treatment dependent upon?

    <p>The levels and type of wastewater treatment depend upon the influent wastewater characteristics and the required effluent quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the purpose and significance of treating wastewater from domestic, industrial, and other sources.

    <p>The purpose of treating wastewater is to manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries in order to reduce the threat of water pollution. Treating wastewater helps minimize the effects of discharge on the environment, remove pollutants for recycling and/or reuse of water, and ensure the overall health and safety of the community and the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of wastewater and provide examples of each source?

    <p>The sources of wastewater include domestic or municipal wastewater (e.g., residences, businesses, commercial facilities, institutions, recreational facilities), industrial wastewater, infiltration and inflow (e.g., foundation drains, leaking pipes, submerged manholes, groundwater infiltration), and storm water (e.g., rainfall runoff and snow melt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define greywater and its composition in household wastewater.

    <p>Greywater is any household wastewater excluding wastewater from toilets (blackwater). It typically consists of 50-80% of household wastewater from sources such as kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs, and showers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of greywater and why is it important in the context of wastewater management?

    <p>Greywater is relatively cleaner than blackwater, and its proper treatment and potential reuse can significantly reduce the demand for fresh water, leading to water conservation and sustainable usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major uses of properly treated greywater?

    <p>water for laundry, toilet flushing, and irrigation of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major benefits of greywater use?

    <p>reducing the need for fresh water, saving on water bills, reducing wastewater entering sewers or treatment systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three classification of treatment methods for greywater?

    <p>physical unit processes, chemical unit processes, biological unit processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five levels of wastewater treatment?

    <p>pre-treatment, preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two factors upon which the required level and type of wastewater treatment depend?

    <p>influent wastewater characteristics and required effluent quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of preliminary treatment in wastewater treatment?

    <p>removing large objects and non-degradable materials, protecting pumps and equipment from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are suspended solids and B.O.D. in the context of wastewater treatment?

    <p>Suspended solids: the quantity of solid materials floating in the water column; B.O.D.: Biochemical Oxygen Demand, a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sludge thickener in primary treatment?

    <p>more settling to concentrate the sludge prior to disposal, reducing the suspended solids and B.O.D. of the wastewater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process involved in secondary treatment of wastewater?

    <p>biological process utilizing bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trickling filter in secondary treatment?

    <p>water runs over a plastic media and organisms clinging to the media remove organic matter from the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the final clarifiers in wastewater treatment?

    <p>remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D. before discharging the water to a water body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method for disposal of sludge or biosolids in wastewater treatment?

    <p>sludge undergoes lime stabilization to kill potential pathogens and is then land applied by injection into agricultural fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Wastewater Treatment

    • Wastewater is water that has been used for different purposes and has been mixed with solids either suspended or dissolved.
    • Purpose of wastewater treatment: to manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of water pollution.

    Sources of Wastewater

    • Domestic or Municipal Wastewater: from residences, businesses, commercial facilities, institutions, and recreational facilities.
    • Industrial Wastewater: from industries.
    • Infiltration: water that enters the sewer from foundation drains, leaking pipes, submerged manholes, and groundwater infiltration.
    • Storm water: rainfall runoff and snowmelt.

    Greywater

    • Greywater is any household wastewater with the exception of wastewater from toilets (blackwater).
    • Typically, 50-80% of household wastewater is greywater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs, and showers.
    • Greywater is relatively cleaner than blackwater.
    • Use of Greywater:
      • Water for laundry
      • Toilet flushing
      • Irrigation of plants
    • Major Benefits of Greywater Use:
      • Reducing the need for fresh water
      • Saving on fresh water use can significantly reduce household water bills
      • Reducing the amount of wastewater entering sewers or on-site treatment systems

    Classification of Treatment Methods

    • Physical unit processes:
      • Screening
      • Mixing
      • Gas transfer
      • Sedimentation
      • Filtration
    • Chemical unit processes:
      • Chemical precipitation
      • Disinfection
    • Biological unit processes:
      • Activated sludge process
      • Trickling filter

    Wastewater Treatment Levels

    • Pre-treatment: occurs in industry prior to discharge to prevent toxic chemicals or excess nutrients being discharged.
    • Preliminary treatment: removes large objects and non-degradable materials, protects pumps and equipment from damage.
    • Primary treatment: a physical process where wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle to the bottom by gravity.
    • Secondary treatment: a biological process that utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater.
    • Tertiary treatment: further removal of pollutants and suspended solids.

    Secondary Treatment

    • Trickling filter: water runs over a plastic media and organisms cling to the media, removing organic matter from the water.
    • Activated sludge process: utilizes bacteria to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater.

    Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids

    • Sludge undergoes lime stabilization (pH is raised by addition of lime) to kill potential pathogens.

    • Stabilized sludge is land applied by injection into agricultural fields.### Wastewater Treatment Overview

    • Wastewater treatment is necessary to manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce water pollution.

    Sources of Wastewater

    • Domestic or Municipal Wastewater: from residences, businesses, institutions, and recreational facilities
    • Industrial Wastewater: from industries
    • Infiltration: water that enters sewers from foundation drains, leaking pipes, and groundwater
    • Storm Water: rainfall runoff and snowmelt
    • Greywater: wastewater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, bathroom sinks, tubs, and showers (excluding toilets)

    Classification of Treatment Methods

    • Physical unit processes: screening, mixing, gas transfer, sedimentation, filtration
    • Chemical unit processes: chemical precipitation, disinfection
    • Biological unit processes: activated sludge process, trickling filter

    Wastewater Treatment Levels

    • Pre-treatment: prevention of toxic chemicals or excess nutrients being discharged
    • Preliminary treatment: removal of large objects and non-degradable materials, protection of pumps and equipment
    • Primary treatment: physical process, removal of suspended solids and BOD, sludge formation
    • Secondary treatment: biological process, utilization of bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter
    • Tertiary treatment: additional removal of suspended solids and BOD

    Pre-treatment and Preliminary Treatment

    • Pre-treatment: occurs in industry prior to discharge, prevents toxic chemicals or excess nutrients
    • Preliminary treatment: removes large objects and non-degradable materials, protects pumps and equipment
    • Bar screen: catches large objects that enter the sewer system
    • Grit chamber: removes rocks, gravel, and broken glass

    Primary Treatment

    • Physical process, wastewater flow slowed down, suspended solids settle to the bottom by gravity
    • Material that settles is called sludge or biosolids
    • Sludge is pumped to the sludge thickener for further concentration before disposal
    • Primary treatment reduces suspended solids and BOD of the wastewater

    Secondary Treatment

    • Biological process, utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter
    • Trickling filter: water runs over a plastic media, organisms clinging to the media remove organic matter
    • Secondary treatment further reduces suspended solids and BOD of the wastewater
    • Final clarifiers: additional removal of sludge and reduction of suspended solids and BOD

    Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids

    • Sludge undergoes lime stabilization to kill potential pathogens
    • Stabilized sludge is land-applied by injection into agricultural fields

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