38 Questions
What is the term used to describe the flow of sanitary sewage alone in the absence of storms in dry season?
Dry weather flow
What percentage of the water supply may be expected to reach the sewers from the spent water of the community?
80%
Which parameter is used in the conversion of contribution of wastes from industrial establishments for accepting into sanitary sewer systems?
Population equivalent
What is generally assumed about the maximum daily flow compared to the average daily flow?
Twice the average daily flow
How is the minimum daily flow usually estimated in relation to the average daily flow?
$\frac{1}{3}$ x (average daily flow)
What is a future period for which a provision is made in the water supply scheme known as?
Design period
What is the primary purpose of constructing a sewage treatment plant in phases?
To account for growth in population and industrial development
Which method for estimating future populations involves a steady increase by a fixed amount over time?
Geometric Increase Method
What is NOT considered a wastewater characteristic critical for designing the activated sludge process?
Disinfection efficiency
What is the primary purpose of using medium screens in wastewater treatment?
To trap coarse debris like rags and plastics
How do fine screens differ from medium and coarse screens in wastewater treatment?
Fine screens are less prone to clogging
What impact does a lower velocity through the screen have on its operation in a wastewater treatment plant?
Increases the removal of screenings from sewage
How is head loss in a wastewater treatment plant affected by the quantity and nature of accumulated screenings?
Increased head loss with more accumulated screenings
Why are bar screens usually inclined or set at an angle in front of pumps or sedimentation tanks?
To facilitate raking operations and increase effective cleaning surface
What role does the available resources play in determining the design period of a sewage treatment plant?
Influencing the design period based on feasibility and budget constraints
Why is it necessary to estimate future populations when designing a sewage treatment plant?
To accommodate future growth and demand for services
What is a key consideration for natural evaporation of treatment plant effluent?
Precipitation levels
Which crops are typically irrigated with wastewater effluent according to the text?
Cotton and sugar beets
What potential issue is associated with groundwater recharge methods for treatment plant effluent?
High cost of injection facilities
In which scenario is natural evaporation of secondary effluents particularly beneficial?
For disposal of brines
Which method of secondary effluent disposal implies a risk of groundwater pollution?
Groundwater recharge
What is a primary reason cited in the text for not irrigating food chain crops with effluent?
Consumer safety concerns
What factor affects the depth of the aerobic layer in a facultative pond?
Solar radiation
What is one of the possible reasons for an imbalance between activities of methane bacteria in a pond?
Rapid decrease in temperature
What is the function of acid forming bacteria in the gasification of organic matter to methane?
Production of organic acids
In facultative ponds, what is the average chemical energy contained in an algal cell per gram of algae?
$6000$ calories
What is the purpose of storing effluent from the secondary treatment facility in a lagoon for approximately 30 days?
To allow time for biological processes to break down contaminants
How does the efficiency of treatment vary for different flow patterns in sewage treatment ponds?
Depends on dispersion numbers
How is effluent treated before being discharged into lakes used for recreational activities?
Chlorinated and percolated through rocks
What is the key concern associated with the uncontrolled spread of water hyacinths in water bodies?
Clogging of waterways and water body damage
What does the Bureau of Indian Standards relate the permissible areal organic loading to for odour-free pond operation?
Latitude of the pond location
What does the equation involving $106C02 + 16NO3 + HPO4 + 122H2O + 18H+$ represent in pond reactions?
Oxygen production process
Under what circumstances is direct reuse of treated wastewater considered practicable?
Mainly for emergency purposes
What is the primary role of methane bacteria in facultative ponds?
Gasification to methane
Which cooling system can effluent be successfully used in industrial applications?
Heat exchangers
How is oxygen production related to algal production in ponds?
$1.3$ times greater than algal production
What determines whether effluent is considered for reuse by industries?
Availability of natural water and processing costs
What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic stabilization ponds?
"BOD loading"
Learn about estimating wastewater quantity through dry weather flow calculations. Explore concepts such as per capita sewage contribution, population factors, and factors affecting the flow of sanitary sewage.
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