Wastewater Quantity Estimation: Dry Weather Flow
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the flow of sanitary sewage alone in the absence of storms in dry season?

  • Sewage flow
  • Stormwater flow
  • Sanitary flow
  • Dry weather flow (correct)
  • What percentage of the water supply may be expected to reach the sewers from the spent water of the community?

  • 80% (correct)
  • 90%
  • 60%
  • 70%
  • Which parameter is used in the conversion of contribution of wastes from industrial establishments for accepting into sanitary sewer systems?

  • Population equivalent (correct)
  • Wastewater density
  • Industrial flow rate
  • Sewer capacity
  • What is generally assumed about the maximum daily flow compared to the average daily flow?

    <p>Twice the average daily flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the minimum daily flow usually estimated in relation to the average daily flow?

    <p>$\frac{1}{3}$ x (average daily flow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a future period for which a provision is made in the water supply scheme known as?

    <p>Design period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of constructing a sewage treatment plant in phases?

    <p>To account for growth in population and industrial development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method for estimating future populations involves a steady increase by a fixed amount over time?

    <p>Geometric Increase Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a wastewater characteristic critical for designing the activated sludge process?

    <p>Disinfection efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using medium screens in wastewater treatment?

    <p>To trap coarse debris like rags and plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fine screens differ from medium and coarse screens in wastewater treatment?

    <p>Fine screens are less prone to clogging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a lower velocity through the screen have on its operation in a wastewater treatment plant?

    <p>Increases the removal of screenings from sewage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is head loss in a wastewater treatment plant affected by the quantity and nature of accumulated screenings?

    <p>Increased head loss with more accumulated screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are bar screens usually inclined or set at an angle in front of pumps or sedimentation tanks?

    <p>To facilitate raking operations and increase effective cleaning surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the available resources play in determining the design period of a sewage treatment plant?

    <p>Influencing the design period based on feasibility and budget constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to estimate future populations when designing a sewage treatment plant?

    <p>To accommodate future growth and demand for services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for natural evaporation of treatment plant effluent?

    <p>Precipitation levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crops are typically irrigated with wastewater effluent according to the text?

    <p>Cotton and sugar beets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue is associated with groundwater recharge methods for treatment plant effluent?

    <p>High cost of injection facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is natural evaporation of secondary effluents particularly beneficial?

    <p>For disposal of brines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of secondary effluent disposal implies a risk of groundwater pollution?

    <p>Groundwater recharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason cited in the text for not irrigating food chain crops with effluent?

    <p>Consumer safety concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the depth of the aerobic layer in a facultative pond?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the possible reasons for an imbalance between activities of methane bacteria in a pond?

    <p>Rapid decrease in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acid forming bacteria in the gasification of organic matter to methane?

    <p>Production of organic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In facultative ponds, what is the average chemical energy contained in an algal cell per gram of algae?

    <p>$6000$ calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of storing effluent from the secondary treatment facility in a lagoon for approximately 30 days?

    <p>To allow time for biological processes to break down contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the efficiency of treatment vary for different flow patterns in sewage treatment ponds?

    <p>Depends on dispersion numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is effluent treated before being discharged into lakes used for recreational activities?

    <p>Chlorinated and percolated through rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concern associated with the uncontrolled spread of water hyacinths in water bodies?

    <p>Clogging of waterways and water body damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bureau of Indian Standards relate the permissible areal organic loading to for odour-free pond operation?

    <p>Latitude of the pond location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation involving $106C02 + 16NO3 + HPO4 + 122H2O + 18H+$ represent in pond reactions?

    <p>Oxygen production process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances is direct reuse of treated wastewater considered practicable?

    <p>Mainly for emergency purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of methane bacteria in facultative ponds?

    <p>Gasification to methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cooling system can effluent be successfully used in industrial applications?

    <p>Heat exchangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oxygen production related to algal production in ponds?

    <p>$1.3$ times greater than algal production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether effluent is considered for reuse by industries?

    <p>Availability of natural water and processing costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic stabilization ponds?

    <p>&quot;BOD loading&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

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