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Questions and Answers
In an electrical circuit, the grounding wire is indicated by which color?
In an electrical circuit, the grounding wire is indicated by which color?
- Red
- Black
- Blue
- Green (correct)
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures pressure?
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures pressure?
Volts
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures resistance?
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures resistance?
Ohms
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures current?
According to Ohm's Law, which electrical unit measures current?
How do you convert cubic feet to gallons?
How do you convert cubic feet to gallons?
How do you convert gallons to pounds?
How do you convert gallons to pounds?
Calculate the SVI of your aeration basin when your 30-minute settleable sample is 360 mL/L and your average mixed liquor suspended solids concentration is 4000 mg/L.
Calculate the SVI of your aeration basin when your 30-minute settleable sample is 360 mL/L and your average mixed liquor suspended solids concentration is 4000 mg/L.
What is the most widely used dechlorination agent in a conventional chlorine gas plant?
What is the most widely used dechlorination agent in a conventional chlorine gas plant?
What is the most prominent concern in failing to remove grit from the wastewater?
What is the most prominent concern in failing to remove grit from the wastewater?
What is the chemical formula for Sulfuric Acid?
What is the chemical formula for Sulfuric Acid?
What is the ideal velocity in a grit channel, in feet per second?
What is the ideal velocity in a grit channel, in feet per second?
Conventional pump packing should be:
Conventional pump packing should be:
In a primary clarifier, the expected performance for removing settleable solids is 90-95%. What about the removal of suspended solids?
In a primary clarifier, the expected performance for removing settleable solids is 90-95%. What about the removal of suspended solids?
When preparing a sample for laboratory analysis that involves acid and water, how should the sample be poured?
When preparing a sample for laboratory analysis that involves acid and water, how should the sample be poured?
Where should you position yourself, relative to the weir, to record the most accurate measure of flow?
Where should you position yourself, relative to the weir, to record the most accurate measure of flow?
Why must a positive displacement pump never be started against a closed discharge valve?
Why must a positive displacement pump never be started against a closed discharge valve?
What is the detention time in hours when a circular tank is 45 feet in diameter and has a depth of 10 feet with a flow of 1.42 MGD?
What is the detention time in hours when a circular tank is 45 feet in diameter and has a depth of 10 feet with a flow of 1.42 MGD?
What is the most common device for measuring flow in an open channel?
What is the most common device for measuring flow in an open channel?
What adjustment do you make if your aeration basin foam is white and billowy?
What adjustment do you make if your aeration basin foam is white and billowy?
What adjustment do you make if your mixed liquor color has changed from brown, to dark brown, to black?
What adjustment do you make if your mixed liquor color has changed from brown, to dark brown, to black?
What adjustment should you make if you receive a surge of high flow into your aeration basins, resulting in an increasing sludge blanket?
What adjustment should you make if you receive a surge of high flow into your aeration basins, resulting in an increasing sludge blanket?
What corrective action do you take if your pond has turned a blue-green color and there are algae blooms?
What corrective action do you take if your pond has turned a blue-green color and there are algae blooms?
At what temperature does the BOD sample need to be preserved?
At what temperature does the BOD sample need to be preserved?
How do you detect a chlorine gas leak?
How do you detect a chlorine gas leak?
What is the surface loading rate of a circular tank with a diameter of 50 ft and a flow of 2.4 MGD?
What is the surface loading rate of a circular tank with a diameter of 50 ft and a flow of 2.4 MGD?
When is the DO the highest in stabilization ponds?
When is the DO the highest in stabilization ponds?
How long are BOD tests incubated for?
How long are BOD tests incubated for?
Corrosion in manholes is caused by?
Corrosion in manholes is caused by?
Which is heavier, chlorine or air?
Which is heavier, chlorine or air?
Total solids are made up of what?
Total solids are made up of what?
In a stabilization pond, oxygen for aerobic bacteria comes from what form of plant life?
In a stabilization pond, oxygen for aerobic bacteria comes from what form of plant life?
An Imhoff cone is used to?
An Imhoff cone is used to?
If discharge from a positive displacement pump is inconsistently changing, what is the most likely cause?
If discharge from a positive displacement pump is inconsistently changing, what is the most likely cause?
Organic nitrogen is determined using?
Organic nitrogen is determined using?
What is the most likely cause if a motor on a centrifugal pump generates little pressure and flow?
What is the most likely cause if a motor on a centrifugal pump generates little pressure and flow?
The formation and collapse of gas pockets on the blade of a centrifugal pump's impeller is known as what?
The formation and collapse of gas pockets on the blade of a centrifugal pump's impeller is known as what?
Which of the following is the best description of Total Dynamic Head of a pump?
Which of the following is the best description of Total Dynamic Head of a pump?
Best type of flow measuring device in a closed channel to measure solids?
Best type of flow measuring device in a closed channel to measure solids?
Why is sodium hypochlorite sometimes added to the head of a plant?
Why is sodium hypochlorite sometimes added to the head of a plant?
What problems may arise from tightening the gland in a pump?
What problems may arise from tightening the gland in a pump?
A large number of amoebas would indicate what type of sludge?
A large number of amoebas would indicate what type of sludge?
A large number of rotifers would indicate what type of sludge?
A large number of rotifers would indicate what type of sludge?
Flagellates, Ciliates, and Rotifers are all part of what single-celled group?
Flagellates, Ciliates, and Rotifers are all part of what single-celled group?
Which microorganism is responsible for converting ammonia nitrogen to nitrite?
Which microorganism is responsible for converting ammonia nitrogen to nitrite?
Which microorganism is responsible for oxidizing nitrite into nitrate?
Which microorganism is responsible for oxidizing nitrite into nitrate?
Among all the organisms in activated sludge, what percentage is bacteria?
Among all the organisms in activated sludge, what percentage is bacteria?
What does the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) measure?
What does the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) measure?
How many times greater is the reduction rate of aerobic bacteria versus anaerobic bacteria?
How many times greater is the reduction rate of aerobic bacteria versus anaerobic bacteria?
The casing surrounding the impeller on a pump is called the:
The casing surrounding the impeller on a pump is called the:
Valves should be closed slowly to prevent:
Valves should be closed slowly to prevent:
In an electrical circuit, a ___________ is used to reduce voltage where needed.
In an electrical circuit, a ___________ is used to reduce voltage where needed.
What is the problem with over-lubricating a pump bearing?
What is the problem with over-lubricating a pump bearing?
What is the surface loading rate of a rectangular tank with a length of 26 ft and a width of 16 ft? The flow coming in is 1.3 MGD.
What is the surface loading rate of a rectangular tank with a length of 26 ft and a width of 16 ft? The flow coming in is 1.3 MGD.
What is the hydraulic detention time of a rectangular tank with dimensions 26 ft by 22 ft by 19 ft when the influent flow is 1.3 MGD?
What is the hydraulic detention time of a rectangular tank with dimensions 26 ft by 22 ft by 19 ft when the influent flow is 1.3 MGD?
How many minutes are in a day?
How many minutes are in a day?
Write out the entire Ohm's Law formula, including the units, and the properties they measure.
Write out the entire Ohm's Law formula, including the units, and the properties they measure.
Your plant is discharging 1.28 MGD at the outfall. The BOD concentration in your discharge is 47 mg/L. What is the quantity of BOD discharged in pounds per day?
Your plant is discharging 1.28 MGD at the outfall. The BOD concentration in your discharge is 47 mg/L. What is the quantity of BOD discharged in pounds per day?
What change should an operator make to achieve the optimum organic loading when given certain data?
What change should an operator make to achieve the optimum organic loading when given certain data?
Your aeration tank has the following protozoa populations by percent. What action do you need to take if stalked ciliates are 20%, nematodes 20%, and rotifers 60%?
Your aeration tank has the following protozoa populations by percent. What action do you need to take if stalked ciliates are 20%, nematodes 20%, and rotifers 60%?
You have two tanks that are different shapes but have the same surface area at the bottom. Both tanks contain the same volume of water. Which tank has a higher pressure at the bottom?
You have two tanks that are different shapes but have the same surface area at the bottom. Both tanks contain the same volume of water. Which tank has a higher pressure at the bottom?
Which chemical will cause a decrease in pH?
Which chemical will cause a decrease in pH?
Before repairing a pump's electrical circuit, what should you always make sure to do?
Before repairing a pump's electrical circuit, what should you always make sure to do?
Which of the following is a type of positive displacement pump?
Which of the following is a type of positive displacement pump?
What do you call the total vertical distance that a pump pulls from, and discharges to?
What do you call the total vertical distance that a pump pulls from, and discharges to?
A positive displacement sludge pump should never be placed into operation with the _______________ closed.
A positive displacement sludge pump should never be placed into operation with the _______________ closed.
If the bearing on a centrifugal pump is overheating, what should you check?
If the bearing on a centrifugal pump is overheating, what should you check?
If a centrifugal pump is losing its prime after being started, what is the most likely cause?
If a centrifugal pump is losing its prime after being started, what is the most likely cause?
What separates the impeller from the volute and prevents backflow in a centrifugal pump?
What separates the impeller from the volute and prevents backflow in a centrifugal pump?
Why are check valves important?
Why are check valves important?
What do you do if your stabilization pond is going 'septic'?
What do you do if your stabilization pond is going 'septic'?
What is bulking?
What is bulking?
What causes bulking?
What causes bulking?
Describe the advantages of different pump seal technologies.
Describe the advantages of different pump seal technologies.
Which chemical serves as a coagulant and will help settle sludge in a clarifier?
Which chemical serves as a coagulant and will help settle sludge in a clarifier?
Of the following, which is the most likely cause of electric motor failure?
Of the following, which is the most likely cause of electric motor failure?
What is the slime on a trickling filter media called?
What is the slime on a trickling filter media called?
Shaft speed on a typical RBC should be between:
Shaft speed on a typical RBC should be between:
Turbidity in wastewater is caused by:
Turbidity in wastewater is caused by:
An active sludge in the aeration tank with an abundant available food supply will have a relatively:
An active sludge in the aeration tank with an abundant available food supply will have a relatively:
What action can you take if your RBC is organically overloaded and the slough is turning pale white?
What action can you take if your RBC is organically overloaded and the slough is turning pale white?
What is the Food to Microorganism ratio for the following aeration tank: Aeration tank volume: 0.37 MGD, MLVSS: 2214 mg/L, Aeration tank influent flow: 0.85 MGD, Aeration tank BOD: 176 mg/L?
What is the Food to Microorganism ratio for the following aeration tank: Aeration tank volume: 0.37 MGD, MLVSS: 2214 mg/L, Aeration tank influent flow: 0.85 MGD, Aeration tank BOD: 176 mg/L?
Your ideal F:M ratio is 0.25 - 0.35. What action do you take if your measured F:M ratio is too LOW?
Your ideal F:M ratio is 0.25 - 0.35. What action do you take if your measured F:M ratio is too LOW?
Your ideal F:M ratio is 0.25 - 0.35. What action do you take if your measured F:M ratio is too HIGH?
Your ideal F:M ratio is 0.25 - 0.35. What action do you take if your measured F:M ratio is too HIGH?
What does white foam in your aeration tank indicate?
What does white foam in your aeration tank indicate?
What are the advantages of step-feed aeration tank?
What are the advantages of step-feed aeration tank?
What is an advantage of a low-rate or extended aeration tank?
What is an advantage of a low-rate or extended aeration tank?
What are the effects of increasing WAS in the aeration tank for the following: SRT, F/M, MLSS, MLVSS?
What are the effects of increasing WAS in the aeration tank for the following: SRT, F/M, MLSS, MLVSS?
Chlorine gas is classified as which of the following?
Chlorine gas is classified as which of the following?
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Study Notes
Electrical Circuit Basics
- Grounding wire in an electrical circuit is green.
- According to Ohm's Law, voltage is measured in volts (pressure), resistance in ohms, and current in amps.
Units and Measurements
- Convert cubic feet to gallons by multiplying by 7.48.
- Convert gallons to pounds by multiplying by 8.34.
- Surface loading rate = flow (gallons) / tank surface area (square feet).
Wastewater Treatment Processes
- The ideal velocity in a grit channel is 1 ft/s.
- A primary clarifier typically removes 90-95% of settleable solids and around 50% of suspended solids.
- Use sulfur dioxide as the main dechlorination agent in chlorine gas plants.
Equipment and Operations
- Positive displacement pumps should not operate against a closed discharge valve due to potential damage.
- Maintain DO levels highest in stabilization ponds typically in mid-afternoon.
- Monitor BOD tests by incubating at 20°C for 5 days.
Sludge and Microbiology
- Excessive mechanical wear in wastewater systems can occur without grit removal.
- Young sludge is indicated by a high number of amoebas; old sludge by a prevalence of rotifers.
- Specific bacteria like Nitrosomonas convert ammonia to nitrite, while Nitrobacter oxidizes nitrite to nitrate.
Sampling and Analysis
- Always pour acid into water for safe sample preparation.
- Detect chlorine gas leaks using ammonia-soaked rags to identify white fumes.
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Over-tightening pump packing can cause excessive wear; lubricate bearings to prevent overheating.
- If a centrifugal pump loses prime, check for air leaks at the stuffing box.
Adjustments in Aeration Tanks
- Increase Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) if mixed liquor color changes to black or if there’s a high number of rotifers.
- Decrease WAS if foam in the aeration basin turns white and billowy.
- For high flow surges causing sludge blanket growth in secondary settling tanks, increase Return Activated Sludge (RAS).
Chemical Management
- Sulfuric acid is used to decrease pH.
- Alum is effective as a coagulant in clarifiers, aiding in sludge settlement.
Operational Optimization
- Achieve optimum organic loading by adjusting tank usage; data indicates lower loading rates lead to better performance.
- Maintain optimal Food to Microorganism (F:M) ratios by adjusting WAS according to measured values.
Miscellaneous
- Hydrostatic principles dictate that pressure at the bottom of tanks remains constant regardless of shape, given the same area and volume.
- Operators should Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO) before servicing electrical circuits.
- Chlorine gas is categorized as a non-flammable compressed gas.
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