Waste Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is produced from the burning of hydrocarbons?

  • Carbon dioxide and water vapor (correct)
  • Nitrogen and sulfur
  • Methane and nitrogen oxides
  • Ozone

What distinguishes sour gas from sweet gas?

  • The presence of carbon dioxide
  • The percentage of methane
  • The presence of hydrogen sulfide (correct)
  • The level of nitrogen oxides

What is the purpose of secure landfills?

  • To prevent pollution from hazardous waste (correct)
  • To store waste without any design
  • To create energy from waste
  • To enhance the biodegradation of waste

Which harmful chemicals can be released during industrial processes?

<p>Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when hydrogen sulfide is removed from sour gas?

<p>Sulfur dioxide is produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of wastewater treatment?

<p>To return water to the environment with minimal pollutants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the primary treatment of wastewater?

<p>Physical separation of large solids and sediments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment stage involves the use of chlorine or UV light?

<p>Tertiary Treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sewage is accurate?

<p>Sewage consists of dissolved and undissolved materials from kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a septic tank in rural areas?

<p>To trap grease and large solids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of sanitary landfills?

<p>Waste is compacted and covered daily. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do microorganisms and soil play in a septic system?

<p>They break down organic waste and recycle it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clay liner at the bottom of a landfill?

<p>To prevent leachate from reaching groundwater supplies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Secure Landfill

A type of landfill that is designed, constructed, and operated to prevent pollution from escaping the site.

Fuel Combustion

The process of burning hydrocarbons, such as fossil fuels, to release energy, producing carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other byproducts.

Sour Gas

Natural gas that contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S), giving it a distinct odor and making it hazardous.

Sweet Gas

Natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide (H2S), making it relatively safe.

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Anaerobic Biodegradation

Methane created by the decomposition of organic waste in the absence of oxygen.

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Wastewater Treatment

The process of treating wastewater to remove pollutants and make it safe for reuse or return to the environment.

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Primary Treatment

The first stage of wastewater treatment that involves physically removing large solids and sediments from the wastewater.

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Secondary Treatment

The second stage of wastewater treatment that uses bacteria to decompose organic matter, making the water cleaner.

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Tertiary Treatment

The final stage of wastewater treatment that removes remaining pollutants, especially phosphates and nitrates.

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Septic Tank

A large underground container that traps grease and large solids from wastewater, commonly used in rural areas.

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Sanitary Landfill

A method of waste disposal where garbage is compacted and covered with soil to prevent harmful substances from reaching the ground.

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Clay Liner

A layer of clay placed at the bottom of a landfill to prevent leachate (liquid waste) from seeping into the surrounding environment.

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Leachate

The liquid that forms as waste decomposes in a landfill, containing potentially dangerous substances.

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Study Notes

Waste Water Treatment

  • Wastewater treatment aims to return treated water to the environment, minimizing pollutants.
  • This process involves primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages.
  • Primary treatment physically separates large solids and sediments.
  • Secondary treatment uses bacteria to decompose organic matter.
  • Tertiary treatment utilizes methods like percolation, ozone, or UV light to remove phosphates and nitrates.

Sources of Wastewater Nitrogen

  • A modeling study suggests wastewater adds 6.2 million tonnes of nitrogen to coastal waters globally.
  • The top contributors to this nitrogen pollution include China (1,890,000 tonnes), India (659,000 tonnes), and the United States (358,000 tonnes).

Water Recycling

  • Recycling wastewater is possible and can be used as a source of nutrients.
  • Nutrients found in wastewater include potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, which can replace some agricultural fertilizer demand, potentially saving US$13.6 billion annually.

Sewer Systems

  • Wastewater from households travels through sewer service laterals, sanitary sewer pipes, and intercepting sewer systems to treatment facilities.

Stormwater vs. Wastewater

  • Stormwater runoff and wastewater are distinct.
  • Wastewater comes from sinks, toilets, and other household fixtures, while stormwater is rain or snowmelt runoff.
  • Stormwater is typically directed to separate storm drains and catch basins.

Types of Waste Disposal

  • Sanitary landfills use compacted layers of earth to contain garbage and prevent leachate from reaching groundwater
  • Clay liners help contain leachate, and methane gas is collected and used to generate electricity.

Hazardous Waste Disposal

  • Secure landfills are specially designed to isolate hazardous waste from the environment to prevent pollution outside of the facility.

Fuel Combustion as Pollutant Source

  • The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas releases pollutants including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury, and lead into the atmosphere.

Industrial Processes as Pollutant Source

  • Industrial processes, including electrical energy generation, mineral processing, and fertilizer production, release harmful chemicals, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, into the air, or into water.
  • Sour gas, containing hydrogen sulfide, is processed to remove it , then sulfur dioxide is released.

Septic Tanks

  • Septic tanks, common in rural areas, collect household wastewater and separate solids from liquids.
  • The liquid waste then percolates through the soil, and bacteria decompose the organic matter.

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