Waste Management Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which strategy is not part of the integrated waste management options identified by the EPA?

  • Source reduction
  • Recycling and composting
  • Incineration (correct)
  • Landfills

    • What is one of the six functional elements of solid waste management?

  • Resource recovery
  • Waste generation (correct)
  • Disposal methods only
  • Chemical treatment

    • Which of the following is considered sharps waste?

  • Photographic chemicals
  • Formaldehyde
  • Syringes (correct)
  • Organic chemicals

    • What is the top priority in the hierarchy of waste management?

    <p>Waste minimization/reduction at source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waste management strategy involves recovering resources from waste?

    <p>Recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential impact does mismanagement of waste have on the coastal and marine environment?

    <p>Contributes to pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is not part of waste handling in solid waste management?

    <p>Resource allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is a direct result of poor waste management practices?

    <p>Detrimental effects on climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of bioreactor landfill technology?

    <p>Maximize methane recovery from landfill systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is preferred for liquid and solid infectious wastes?

    <p>Chemical or high-level disinfection (HLD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step is NOT part of the management of hazardous healthcare waste?

    <p>Incineration of all types of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of waste includes ignitable and corrosive materials?

    <p>Hazardous waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of encapsulation in waste management?

    <p>To immobilize hazardous waste before disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding waste management hierarchy?

    <p>Prevention and minimization of waste are highest in the hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of improper management of healthcare waste?

    <p>Higher risks of infectious diseases spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to treat gaseous emissions from incineration?

    <p>Ventilate them through a properly designed chimney stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of waste consists mainly of leftover food from residential areas?

    <p>Residential waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of rubbish in solid waste classification?

    <p>It includes combustible and non-combustible materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes municipal waste?

    <p>Consists of debris from street cleaning and landscaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waste involves materials like paper, plastics, and glasses generated from educational institutions?

    <p>Institutional waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waste classification includes putrescible wastes from food processing industries?

    <p>Refuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of improper waste management?

    <p>Increases pollution levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sources contributes to agricultural waste?

    <p>Spoiled food grains from farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of integrated waste management strategies?

    <p>To minimize waste generation and promote recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Waste

    • Waste is any form of liquid, semi-liquid, solid, or gaseous material produced from natural and anthropogenic sources.
    • Waste is also called garbage, trash, junk, debris, and refuse. 

    Classifications of Waste

    • Typical classifications of solid waste:
      • Refuse: Is all putrescible and non-putrescible waste except body wastes.
      • Garbage: Putrescible wastes from food, slaughterhouses, canning and freezing industries.
      • Rubbish: Non-putrescible wastes either combustible or non-combustible.
        • Combustible wastes: Wood, paper, rubber, leather and garden wastes.
        • Non-combustible wastes: Glass, metal, ceramics, stones and soil.

    Healthcare Waste

    • Waste from healthcare settings is categorized as:
      • Infectious Waste
      • Non-Infectious Waste

    Hazardous Waste

    • Hazardous waste includes:
      • Ignitable
      • Reactive
      • Corrosive
      • Toxic

    Solid Waste Management (SWM)

    • SWM refers to the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials with the effort to reduce their effect on:
      • Human health
      • Local aesthetics
      • Amenity

    Functional Elements of SWM

    • Generation to final disposal (cradle to grave)
    • Six functional elements of municipal solid waste management:
      • Waste generation
      • Waste handling and sorting, storage, and processing at the source
      • Collection
      • Sorting, processing and transformation
      • Transfer and Transport
      • Disposal

    Hierarchy of Waste Management

    • Arrangement in order of rank which gives a priority listing of the waste management
    • The hierarchy usually adopted is:
      • Waste minimization/reduction at source
      • Recycling
      • Waste processing (with recovery of resources i.e. Materials (products) and energy)
      • Waste transformation (without recovery of resources)
      • Disposal on land (landfilling)

    Integrated Waste Management (IWM)

    • Selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies, and management programs
    • EPA identified four basic management options (strategies) for IWM:
      • Source reduction
      • Recycling and composting
      • Combustion (waste-to-energy facilities)
      • Landfills

    Management of Hazardous Healthcare Waste

    • Aim: Contain infectious waste and reduce risks to public health
    • The steps include:
      • Waste minimization
      • Segregation
      • Recycling, adequate packaging, handling and storage
      • Proper treatment and disposal

    Incineration

    • Incinerators convert combustible materials into ashes or residues.
    • Gases are ventilated through the chimney stack into the outer air.
    • Serves the purpose of destroying infectious microorganisms in the waste.
    • If there are no incinerators, then open pit burning is also possible.

    Chemical or High-Level Disinfection

    • Preferred treatment for liquid & solid infectious waste
    • Chlorine and glutaraldehyde are the best chemical disinfectants; 0.5% chlorine solution for 10 minutes being the most appropriate.

    Encapsulation

    • Filling ¾ of a container with waste
    • Filling with immobilizing material such as cement mortar, bituminous sand, clay material, plastic foam
    • Dispose of the container in a landfill after drying.

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    Related Documents

    Solid Waste Management PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the different types of waste, including healthcare and hazardous waste categories. It also covers the classifications of solid waste and the principles of solid waste management (SWM). Test your understanding of waste types and management strategies.

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