Warfare and Imperialism 1450-1750

Questions and Answers

The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450-1750?

The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states (correct)

The establishment of trade routes

The decline of feudalism

The spread of diseases

The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments?

The spread of democratic ideals

The rise of merchant classes in Europe

The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East (correct)

The decline of monarchical power

The type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450-1750 EXCEPT the

Mughal Empire

Ottoman Empire

Spanish Empire

Aztec (Mexica) Empire (correct)

The relationship between levels of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450-1750?

As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue. Signup and view all the answers

The trends in military personnel and state revenue shown in the table are best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local elites in the period 1450-1750?

States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 is best understood as a response to the trends shown in the table?

The creation of larger state bureaucracies Signup and view all the answers

A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial states in the period circa 1450-1750 continued to

Use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the purpose of the letter, Selim's description of the followers of Shah Ismail I as a 'heretical faction' can best be interpreted as a commentary of the Safavid Empire's

Adherence to Shi'a Islam Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim's letter?

The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East. Signup and view all the answers

The general pattern of nomadic conquest followed by the assimilation of the conquerors into the cultures of the conquered societies was most clearly expressed in which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450?

The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450 represents a situation that is the opposite of nomadic conquerors assimilating into the cultures of the conquered societies?

Conquered peoples being drawn into their conquerors' economic and cultural orbits, as illustrated by Turkic peoples converting to Islam and integrating into Muslim societies Signup and view all the answers

The Mongol conquests resulted in all of the following developments EXCEPT

The initial diffusion of Buddhism and Christianity to East Asia. Signup and view all the answers

The 'long stays in harbors' mentioned in the description of the sea journeys in the first paragraph were most likely necessary because Indian Ocean maritime trade in the period circa 1200-1450?

Relied heavily on wind patterns and seasonality. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian karim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200-1450?

The establishment of diasporic merchant communities Signup and view all the answers

The pattern of trade described in the passage was most characteristic of which of the following types of goods in the period 1200-1450?

Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain Signup and view all the answers

The integration of West African states into wider regional and transregional economic networks in the period circa 1200-1450 was carried out mostly via the?

Trans-Saharan trade routes Signup and view all the answers

The spread of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa in the period circa 1200-1450 was mostly a result of the conversion of the rulers of which of the following states?

The Mali Empire Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Warfare and Imperial Expansion

Siege warfare in the 1450-1750 period showcased the advancement of military technology, particularly new weaponry used by expanding empires.
Intensifying political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East were reflected in the described warfare tactics of the time.
The Aztec (Mexica) Empire is noted as an outlier, as it did not expand due to the type of weaponry described in the context of military sieges.

Military Personnel and State Revenue

Military expansion and professionalization during this era forced states to innovate in revenue generation.
Trends indicate a movement towards centralized state authority, diminishing the roles of local elites.
The establishment of larger bureaucracies became a response to the demands of expanding military personnel and state functions.

Religious and Political Legitimacy

Rulers of imperial states often employed religious rhetoric to bolster their political legitimacy and undermine their foes, as evidenced in historical accounts from this period.
A significant aspect of Selim I's letter was his depiction of Shah Ismail I's followers as "heretical," which provided commentary on the Safavid Empire's Shi'a Islamic adherence.

Ottoman-Safavid Rivalry

The international conflict in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia, particularly between the Ottoman and Safavid empires, revolved around territorial control of Iraq, Syria, and neighboring regions.

Nomadic Conquests and Cultural Assimilation

The pattern of nomadic conquerors assimilating into the conquered peoples' cultures is illustrated by the Yuan dynasty's adoption of Chinese cultural norms.
Conversely, instances of conquered groups integrating the economic and cultural practices of their conquerors are evident, particularly with Turkic peoples and their conversion to Islam.

The Mongol Conquests

Mongol invasions had significant impacts, except for the initial spread of Buddhism and Christianity in East Asia, which was not a direct result of their conquests.

Maritime Trade in the Indian Ocean

Long stays in Indian Ocean harbors were essential, mainly due to environmental considerations like monsoon patterns that influenced trade timelines.
Egyptian karim merchants played an essential role in establishing diasporic merchant communities across the Indian Ocean during this period.

Trade Characteristics

Trade patterns in the 1200-1450 era were primarily associated with luxury goods, such as spices and porcelain.
The integration of West African states into regional economies hinged significantly on trans-Saharan trade routes.

Spread of Islam in West Africa

The conversion of rulers in the Mali Empire was pivotal to the spread of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa during this time frame.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the dynamics of warfare and imperial expansion from 1450 to 1750, focusing on the technological advancements in siege warfare and political rivalries among empires. Examine the impact on military personnel, state revenue, and the assertion of political legitimacy through religious rhetoric.