War, Peace, Conflict, and Security Dynamics

Dynamics of War, Peace, Conflict, and Security

• Globalization impacts the causes and execution of conflicts, regional stability, and weapon proliferation
• Global security agendas and conflict resolution involve international organizations and corporations
• Security challenges like terrorism, cyber warfare and environmental issues are interconnected in a globalized world

Introduction

• The interplay of war, peace, and globalization defines global society, due to high connectivity and constant exchange
• The 21st century presents both opportunities for peace and risks of conflict
• The pursuit of peace and globalization are linked, yet pose challenges and tensions
• Understanding these dynamics is key to finding global harmony

Definitions and Concepts

• War is an armed conflict between nations or groups, causing violence and destruction
• It stems from political, ideological, or territorial disputes, involving armies and various weapons
• Globalization has changed war with cyber warfare, impacting critical infrastructure worldwide
• Interconnectedness from globalization has increased the risk for global conflicts

Violence Explained

• Violence is using physical force to cause harm to individuals or groups
• Includes physical or physiological harm, such as systemic inequalities
• Physical force can cause harms such as assault or homicide
• Psychological harm can include verbal abuse or intimidation
• Structural violence includes systematic inequalities and discrimination
• In a globalized world, violence includes online harassment, cyberattacks, and economic coercion
• Globalization has expanded violence, enabling new channels and transcending geographical boundaries

Structural Violence Deconstructed

• Introduced by Johan Galtung in the 1960s
• Embedded in social structures and institutions
• Causes harm by depriving groups of basic human rights
• Indirect, systemic, and concealed, as opposed to direct violence that is often visible
• Involves economical and political structures in society
• Inequalities are based on things like race, class, gender, ethnicity, or nationality
• Limiting access to things like food, clean water, and housing
• Leads to chronic poverty, poor health, and limited life opportunities
• Economic inequality leads to basic necessity restrictions based on economic class
• Racial discrimination leads to education disparities
• Gender based violence leads to autonomy limitation
• Healthcare disparities leads to poor health among marginalized groups

Addressing Structural Violence

• Requires systemic change through reforming policies and institutions
• Aims to reduce inequities
• Needs social justice movements, advocacy
• Justice is achieved through policies that promote equality
• Dismantling this violence is key for human rights

Conflicts Defined

• Conflict involves disagreements or struggles between groups or nations
• Can be constructive (problem-solving) or destructive (violence/war)
• Conflict resolution aims for peaceful solutions
• Causes can be driven by things such as economical issues, politics etc
• Cross-border conflicts deal with human rights or trade disputes

Security Explained

• Security involves safeguarding against both internal and external dangers
• Security includes economic, environmental and social dimensions
• In a globalized world, security includes economic stability and cybersecurity
• It involves state security and the well being of communities
• Security in globalized world involves terrorism and climate change

Peace Expanded

• Peace means absence of war with justice and cooperation
• Negative peace is absence of violence
• Positive peace is the presence of social justice
• Maintaining peace deals with things like diplomacy
• In globalized world, peace includes promoting diplomacy
• Globalization creates peace due to cooperation
• Global inter-dependance could spread conflicts, with new peacebuilding approaches needed

Human Rights Defined

• Rights are for all, regardless of national origin
• Include civil rights like freedom of speech
• Political rights include right to fair trial
• Economic rights include right to healthcare

Human Rights on a Global Scale

• Globalization can promote and threaten human rights
• It can also enable human rights abuses, such as labor exploitation
• War and violence are caused by conflict
• Promote stability and protection of dignity through achieving human rights

Aspects of analyzing interconnectedness

• The ways war, violence and human rights are interconnected is multifaceted
• Characterized by trade and cultural exchange

Globalization as driver of interconnectedness

• "Capitalist Peace" occurs due to economic interdependance
• Globalization can lead to exploitation or resource competition
• The spread of tech can empower states in warfare

Conflict v Violence

• Ethnic and religious conflicts may erupt into violence
• Violence leads to widespread trauma
• It can cause a precursor to violence
• Violence can cause trauma

Warfare and Impact

• Severe violations of human rights can cause local and international violence

Building Peace

• Building peace means protecting human rights

Effects of Globalization

• It can cause labor exploitation in the supply chain

Globalization and catalyst for positive globalization

• Creates opportunity for economical/social progress

History of war

• WW1 disrupted trade and economic interdependance
• Colonialized Countries had drained countries
• Heavy reparations were issued to Germany, leading to WW2 tensions

Political Changes

• Newly created states affected global politics
• League of Nations laid groundwork for the united nations
• Ideological shifts contributed to WW2 conflicts

Advancements in tech

• Advancements in the tech field such as tanks played a role in conflict

Birth of Organizations

• WW2 had lasting effects, setting the stage for organizations

UN Explained

• Founded in 1945
• To secure international peace
• Promoting resolution of conflicts through peace

Bretton Woods System Context

• Created framework for international cooperation
• Promoted economical and monetary stability
• Established the GATT

Post Era

• Cold War began, due to soviet rivalry
• Shaping politics for decades

The end of war

• Was pivotal in establishing international cooperation

Peace on a global scale

• Played big role in shaping political scale

Cold War

• Rivilary between USA and USSR
• Ideological competition posed threat to peace

Efforts

• Abolishment of weapons was supported, lead by Albert Einstein

Treaties

• To limit production
• Arms Control created by super powers

Global Revoluions

• Perestroika policies
• Aimed to modernize
• Signaling shift away from confrontation

Demilitarization

• Coupled with disarmament
• Led to a new era in global relations

Economic Scale

• Interconnectedness of countries has positive and negative outcomes

Impact of economic interdependance

• Expands markets causing progress

Drawbacks of global scale

• Leads to volatility
• Leads to economic crises

Market conditions

• Leads to trade tensions and disputes

Inequality Concerns

• Benefits skilled workers over others

Inequality Factors

• Labor market pressures may cause wages to decrease

Govt. Responses

• Policies such as taxation addressed to combat economical inequality

Consequences of war

• Economic and global conflicts hurt world

Industrial-Military Conplexes

• Create jobs which boost defense

Long term effects

• High military sector could cause economic challenges

Critisisms

• Benefits military from perpetual war

Direct v Indirect wartime expenses

• Disrupts economical activity

Costs of postwar reconstruction

• Funding is needed to rebuild utilities

Econ Debt

• Increased debt may affect global markets

Impacts

• Can influence foreign policies

Globalization on spreading democratic peace

• Institutions play a big role in mediating peace
• Promote resolutions

Democratization

• Promote stability with institutions

Political Dynamics of War

• Undermine democratic principles

Geopolitical Conflicts

• Disputes lead to military force

Resource Acquisitions

• Resources are critical

Great power Competition

• Build ups occur for global competition

Proxy Wars

• Use 3rd parties to reduce chance of a direct confrontation

Proxy war advantages

• Escalation is easily avoided

Examples

• Codd War had several wars

Continued Conflicts

• Post Cold War eras continued, and Russia played a role

Cultural Factors

• Wars effect society in significant ways

Cultural Memory

• Shape collective identity and historical consciousness

War literature

• Display the effects of war

Mass Impacts

• Disorders affect everyone

Contemporary issues

• Terrorists advance political views

Role in Globalization

• Recruitment has moved to media

Non state impacts

• Groups become significant which leads to power

International relations

• Cooperation reduces counter terrorism

Social factors

• Balancing personal freedom

Global Response

• The united nations has increased intervention activities which has drawn ethical and ethical issues

Environmental challenges

• Driven by population

Example Scenarios

• Disputes can fuel conflict

Financial Distribution

• Driven by resource usage which can lead to unequal benefits

Ethical Actions

• Humanitarian access and diplomacy

Future Challenges

• A.I has changed security and made new security concerns