Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which country became the first Latin American country to gain independence from a European power?
Which country became the first Latin American country to gain independence from a European power?
What event led to France nearly going bankrupt and Napoleon losing interest in North America?
What event led to France nearly going bankrupt and Napoleon losing interest in North America?
When did the U.S. recognize the independence of Haiti?
When did the U.S. recognize the independence of Haiti?
Why did some sugar producers and slave holders in Cuba and Puerto Rico not support independence from Spain?
Why did some sugar producers and slave holders in Cuba and Puerto Rico not support independence from Spain?
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What made many Creoles in Latin America become terrified of the events on the island of Haiti?
What made many Creoles in Latin America become terrified of the events on the island of Haiti?
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Who controlled all of Hispaniola in 1492?
Who controlled all of Hispaniola in 1492?
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Which event ended a 9-year war between France and other European countries?
Which event ended a 9-year war between France and other European countries?
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What did France's National Constituent Assembly pass in 1789?
What did France's National Constituent Assembly pass in 1789?
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Which country was the world's largest exporter of sugar in the late 1700s?
Which country was the world's largest exporter of sugar in the late 1700s?
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In what year did Napoleon Bonaparte seize power?
In what year did Napoleon Bonaparte seize power?
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Who was the Great Leader of the Haitian Revolution?
Who was the Great Leader of the Haitian Revolution?
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Who was the Bourbon king of France during the War of Spanish Succession?
Who was the Bourbon king of France during the War of Spanish Succession?
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Why did most European powers fear potential Bourbon control of Spain?
Why did most European powers fear potential Bourbon control of Spain?
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What did Phillip V, Louis XIV's grandson, have to renounce as per the Treaty of Utrecht?
What did Phillip V, Louis XIV's grandson, have to renounce as per the Treaty of Utrecht?
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Which country received greater access to trade routes as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
Which country received greater access to trade routes as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
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What did the HRE/Austria receive as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
What did the HRE/Austria receive as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
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What did Great Britain's 'South Sea Company' receive as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
What did Great Britain's 'South Sea Company' receive as part of the Treaty of Utrecht?
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What event led to the collapse of the political situation in Haiti in 1791?
What event led to the collapse of the political situation in Haiti in 1791?
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Which country attempted to capture the lucrative Haitian colony in 1792?
Which country attempted to capture the lucrative Haitian colony in 1792?
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Who was tricked into a meeting with the French in 1802, captured, and sent to France to die in prison?
Who was tricked into a meeting with the French in 1802, captured, and sent to France to die in prison?
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In what year did Napoleon try to destroy the Haitian independence movement?
In what year did Napoleon try to destroy the Haitian independence movement?
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Who proclaimed Haiti's independence, establishing the world's first Black republic in 1804?
Who proclaimed Haiti's independence, establishing the world's first Black republic in 1804?
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How many of the 40,000 whites on the island died during the revolution?
How many of the 40,000 whites on the island died during the revolution?
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Which indigenous monarch managed to establish an independent monarchy in Vilcabamba?
Which indigenous monarch managed to establish an independent monarchy in Vilcabamba?
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Who attempted to rebel against the Spaniards and reestablish the ancient Inca kingdom much later in the colonial period?
Who attempted to rebel against the Spaniards and reestablish the ancient Inca kingdom much later in the colonial period?
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What was the largest and most successful rebellion of the many rebellions in late-colonial Andes?
What was the largest and most successful rebellion of the many rebellions in late-colonial Andes?
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Who was primarily leading an indigenous movement against Spanish abuse in the rebellion?
Who was primarily leading an indigenous movement against Spanish abuse in the rebellion?
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What happened to Tupac Amaru II as a result of his rebellion against the Spaniards?
What happened to Tupac Amaru II as a result of his rebellion against the Spaniards?
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What was an implication of Tupac Amaru II's rebellion for later movements in Peru?
What was an implication of Tupac Amaru II's rebellion for later movements in Peru?
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Study Notes
Haitian Revolution
- The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) resulted in Haiti becoming the first Latin American country to gain independence from a European power (France) in 1804.
- The revolution had significant implications, including France nearly going bankrupt and Napoleon losing interest in North America, leading to the sale of the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. in 1803.
Impact on Latin America
- The Haitian Revolution led to fear among Creoles in Latin America, causing many to oppose independence from Spain.
- Sugar producers and slave holders in Cuba and Puerto Rico remained loyal to Spain, fearing for their lives, and these islands did not gain independence for nearly 100 more years.
Historical Context
- Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) was controlled by Spain from 1492, but the French took possession of the western third of the island (present-day Haiti) by treaty in 1697.
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti) was the world’s largest exporter of sugar in the late 1700s, with an enslaved population comparable to that of the entire U.S. South.
French Revolution
- Key events in the French Revolution included the storming of the Bastille (1789), the passing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), and the execution of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette (1793).
Napoleon Bonaparte
- Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in France in 1799 and attempted to destroy the Haitian independence movement.
Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines
- Toussaint Louverture, a commander of emancipated slaves, joined the French army in 1794 and became a key figure in the Haitian Revolution.
- Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti’s independence in 1804, establishing the world’s first Black republic.
Tupac Amaru Revolt
- The Tupac Amaru Revolt in the early 1780s led to fear among colonial elites, prompting them to remain loyal to the Crown.
- José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera, known as Tupac Amaru II, led a rebellion against the Spaniards in Peru, aiming to reestablish the ancient Inca kingdom.
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Description
Learn about the War of the Spanish Succession which was fought in Europe due to the complex succession crisis after the death of the Spanish monarch. Louis XIV of France and Leopold I of Austria both had claims to the Spanish throne, leading to a conflict involving major European powers.
