Female Hormones & Therapies
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Questions and Answers

Which receptors must form a complex of proteins to be activated?

  • ER-alpha
  • ER-beta
  • ERE
  • Estrogen receptors on plasma membranes (correct)

Which of the following is a clinical use of estrogens?

  • Prevention of plaque formation
  • Suppression of postpartum lactation (correct)
  • Reduction of breast cancer risk
  • Treatment of migraines

Which of the following is an adverse effect of estrogens?

  • Hyperpigmentation (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Breast tenderness
  • Migraine headaches

Which of the following is a native estrogen with selective actions in tissues (NEST)?

<p>Estetrol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen on the cardiovascular system?

<p>Maintenance of normal structure and function of blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a nuclear ER effect?

<p>Stimulates breast growth, reduces risk of breast cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the major secretory product of the ovary?

<p>Estradiol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum secrete estrogen and progesterone?

<p>Luteal phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is a precursor for estrogens in the luteal phase?

<p>Progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which synthetic estrogen is the primary estrogen used in oral contraceptives?

<p>Ethinyl estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which synthetic estrogen is 50% less potent than ethinyl estradiol?

<p>Mestranol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural estrogen has a long half-life of 24-28 hours?

<p>Estetrol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is converted in the liver to estrone and estriol?

<p>Estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of tamoxifen as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

<p>It is activated (agonist) in the uterus and bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of raloxifene as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

<p>It is used for postmenopausal osteoporosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of clomiphene as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

<p>It stimulates GnRH, FSH/LH release. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of natural progesterone?

<p>It opposes the proliferative action of estrogen in the uterus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of synthetic progestins with androgenic activity?

<p>They increase sebum/acne. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are progestins given to stimulate or maintain pregnancy during the luteal phase?

<p>They maintain a secretory uterus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are progestins given to prevent pregnancy during the follicular phase?

<p>They prevent ovulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of progestin alone?

<p>Thickens and makes cervical mucus sticky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of progestin?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chronic effect of combination agents on ovarian function?

<p>Inhibition of LH and FSH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mild adverse effect of estrogen-containing agents?

<p>Increased skin pigmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a moderate adverse effect of combination agents?

<p>Cholestatic jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a severe adverse effect of estrogen-containing agents?

<p>Cerebrovascular disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of PhexxiTM, a contraceptive vaginal gel?

<p>3.5-4.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficacy of PhexxiTM with 'typical use'?

<p>86% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adverse effect of PhexxiTM?

<p>Urinary tract infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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