Female Hormones & Therapies
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Questions and Answers

Which receptors must form a complex of proteins to be activated?

  • ER-alpha
  • ER-beta
  • ERE
  • Estrogen receptors on plasma membranes (correct)

    • Which of the following is a clinical use of estrogens?

  • Prevention of plaque formation
  • Suppression of postpartum lactation (correct)
  • Reduction of breast cancer risk
  • Treatment of migraines

    • Which of the following is an adverse effect of estrogens?

  • Hyperpigmentation (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Breast tenderness
  • Migraine headaches

    • Which of the following is a native estrogen with selective actions in tissues (NEST)?

    <p>Estetrol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of estrogen on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Maintenance of normal structure and function of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nuclear ER effect?

    <p>Stimulates breast growth, reduces risk of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is the major secretory product of the ovary?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the corpus luteum secrete estrogen and progesterone?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is a precursor for estrogens in the luteal phase?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic estrogen is the primary estrogen used in oral contraceptives?

    <p>Ethinyl estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic estrogen is 50% less potent than ethinyl estradiol?

    <p>Mestranol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural estrogen has a long half-life of 24-28 hours?

    <p>Estetrol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is converted in the liver to estrone and estriol?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of tamoxifen as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

    <p>It is activated (agonist) in the uterus and bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of raloxifene as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

    <p>It is used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of clomiphene as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

    <p>It stimulates GnRH, FSH/LH release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of natural progesterone?

    <p>It opposes the proliferative action of estrogen in the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of synthetic progestins with androgenic activity?

    <p>They increase sebum/acne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are progestins given to stimulate or maintain pregnancy during the luteal phase?

    <p>They maintain a secretory uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are progestins given to prevent pregnancy during the follicular phase?

    <p>They prevent ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of progestin alone?

    <p>Thickens and makes cervical mucus sticky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a use of progestin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chronic effect of combination agents on ovarian function?

    <p>Inhibition of LH and FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mild adverse effect of estrogen-containing agents?

    <p>Increased skin pigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a moderate adverse effect of combination agents?

    <p>Cholestatic jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a severe adverse effect of estrogen-containing agents?

    <p>Cerebrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of PhexxiTM, a contraceptive vaginal gel?

    <p>3.5-4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficacy of PhexxiTM with 'typical use'?

    <p>86%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect of PhexxiTM?

    <p>Urinary tract infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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