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Questions and Answers
What should be considered when determining the stocking density in animal housing?
Which honey bee species is recommended for organic beekeeping?
What is prohibited in the construction materials for beehives in organic beekeeping?
How far should wild and hived honeybee colonies be from areas using chemical pesticides?
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What must be ensured regarding the outdoor stocking density of animals on pasture?
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What should be done if hives need to be migrated due to environmental factors?
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What is the acceptable moisture content (MC) range for ripe honey during harvesting?
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What aspect of animal housing is critical to promoting well-being?
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Which of the following practices is prohibited in beekeeping?
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What must be avoided in the cleaning and disinfection of housing and utensils?
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Which pest control method is NOT allowed when managing bee diseases?
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What is the primary method for ensuring hive health and welfare?
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During a dearth period, what type of feeding is preferred for bees?
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What percentage of honey comb or stores must be reserved post-harvest?
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Which bee species is strictly prohibited from importation?
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Which method is acceptable for disinfection of hives?
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What is the required conversion period for hived bee colonies in organic beekeeping?
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Which of the following is not permitted in organic agriculture for crop production?
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When can non-organic seeds be utilized in organic crop production?
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What is the primary objective of selecting tillage and cultivation implements in organic farming?
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Under what circumstances may treated seeds be permitted for organic production?
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Which of the following practices is encouraged to support organic crop production?
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What standard must beeswax meet to be used for creating honeycombs in organic beekeeping?
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What is a requirement for seeds and planting materials used in organic agriculture?
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Study Notes
Stocking Density in Buildings
- Buildings must prioritize animal comfort and well-being, factoring in species, breed, and age.
- Behavioral needs must be addressed, considering group size and animal sex.
- Sufficient space is needed for natural standing, lying down, turning, grooming, and assuming all natural postures.
Housing, Pens, and Equipment
- Cleanliness and disinfection are essential to prevent infection and contamination through allowed cleaning materials listed in Annex C Part 2.
- Any updates or changes to standards from relevant bodies like BAFS and FDA must be implemented according to criteria in Section 12.
Outdoor Stocking Density
- Outdoor density in pastures, grasslands, or natural habitats must be optimal to prevent soil degradation and overgrazing.
Organic Beekeeping: Species Choice
- Preferred species include Asian Honeybees (Apis dorsata dorsata, Apis dorsata breviligula, and Apis cerana) and Stingless honeybees (Tetragonula spp. and Lepidotrigona spp.).
- Exotic honeybee species Apis mellifera may also be considered.
Organic Beekeeping: Hive Material/Design
- Hives must primarily use natural materials and pose no risk of environmental contamination.
- Construction materials with potentially toxic effects, such as treated lumber, are prohibited.
Organic Beekeeping: Location of Colonies
- Wild and hived colonies should be located in organically managed fields or natural areas, three (3) kilometers away from chemical pesticide usage areas and GMO crops.
- A 500 meter radius is recommended for stingless bees.
- Forage, predation, or habitat disturbance may necessitate colony migration, and locations must be documented.
- Wild colonies of Apis dorsata dorsata and Apis dorsata breviligula, and stingless bees (Tetragonula spp. and Leptotrigona spp.) should be identified before harvesting honey.
- Only yellow light bulbs should be used in apiaries and foraging areas.
Organic Beekeeping: Mutilations
- Mutilations, such as queen bee wing clipping, are prohibited.
Organic Beekeeping: Supplemental Feeding
- Supplemental feeding with honey, pollen, or organic sugar should be used during dearth periods or when pollen and nectar are insufficient.
- Feed should be sourced from organic reserves of honey and pollen left during harvesting.
Organic Beekeeping: Bee Stock Sources
- Importation of Apis cerana, stingless bees, and solitary bee species is prohibited.
- Starter colonies must originate from apiaries free of pests (mites, hive beetles) and diseases (American Foul Brood, European Foul Brood, Virus diseases, fungal diseases).
- Apis mellifera queen importation may be allowed from countries without known Africanized Honey Bee (AHB) populations and colony collapse disorder (CCD).
Organic Beekeeping: Pest and Disease Control
- Hive health and welfare should prioritize hygiene and management.
- Allowed pest and disease control methods include:
- Lactic acid, formic acid
- Oxalic acid, acetic acid
- Sulfur
- Natural essential oils (e.g., menthol, eucalyptol, camphor)
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- Steam, direct flame, and caustic soda for hive disinfection.
Organic Beekeeping: Disease Control
- Colonies infected with American Foul Brood must be destroyed by burning.
- Antibiotic use is prohibited.
- Allowed products for disease and pest control include:
- Formic acid
- Lactic acid
- Sucrocide
- Botanicals
Organic Beekeeping: Cleaning and Disinfection
- Cleanliness and disinfection should be done using heat (blowtorch/flame torch or hot water) or other mechanical means.
Organic Beekeeping: Harvesting
- Chemical synthetic repellents are prohibited during honey extraction.
- The Moisture Content (MC) of ripe honey should be between 21% and 23%.
Organic Beekeeping: Apiary Conservation
- Twenty percent (20%) of the honeycomb or stores should be reserved and not cut.
Conversion Requirements: Organic Beekeeping
- The conversion period for hived bee colonies is 12 months.
- Honeycomb wax should be made from organic beeswax.
- Non-organic beeswax can be used if it is free from harmful substances.
Minimum Requirements: Crop Production
- Organic crop production must meet the following requirements.
Crop Production: Choice of Crops & Varieties
- Seeds and planting materials should be high quality and certified organic, when available.
- Non-organic seeds can be used if they have not been treated with pesticides or other prohibited inputs.
- Seeds and planting materials derived from tissue culture may be used for organic, disease-free plants.
- Allowed seed treatments are listed in Annex A.
- Treated seeds can only be used when required by government authorities or phytosanitary regulations to prevent the spread of seed-borne diseases or when natural disasters cause organic seed supply destruction.
- Genetically modified seeds, transgenic plants, or planting materials are prohibited.
- Plant varieties should be bred to maintain natural reproduction methods.
Crop Production: Rotations and Soil Management
- Organic production systems are soil-based, emphasizing soil care and ecosystem support to increase species diversity, nutrient cycling, and reduce soil and nutrient loss.
- Tillage and cultivation implements must be selected and used to maintain or improve soil quality and minimize erosion.
- Activities that create negative impacts in high conservation value or heritage areas (e.g., forests, wildlife protection areas, and watersheds) are not permitted.
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