Rizal 4-5

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the primary goals of La Solidaridad?

To support the friars in the Philippines

To work peacefully for political and social reforms (correct)

To ignite violence against the Spanish regime

To promote Spanish colonial values

Which event was a significant catalyst for Filipino nationalism?

The execution of GOMBURZA (correct)

The failure of the Propaganda Movement

The founding of _La Solidaridad_

The publication of _Noli Me Tangere_

What was one of the failures of the Propaganda Movement?

Unified efforts among reformists

Internal conflict and disunity (correct)

Overwhelming support from the friars

Excessive funding and resources

How did Jose Rizal contribute to the awareness of the Filipino people's plight?

By writing Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Signup and view all the answers

What impact did La Politica de España en Filipinas have on the reformists?

It blocked them from publishing their proposals Signup and view all the answers

What type of expression did the propagandists use in their writings?

Emotional narratives Signup and view all the answers

What were GOMBURZA known for?

Their execution marking a turning point in nationalism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Propaganda Movement?

To support Spanish imperialism Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main goals of the Propaganda Movement?

To promote the rights of Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

Who was NOT mentioned as a key figure in the Filipino reformist movement?

Jose Rizal Signup and view all the answers

What was the first stage of Marcelo H. del Pilar's proposed plan?

Legal campaign to influence Spain Signup and view all the answers

Which publication was significant in influencing numerous Spanish politicians and natives?

La Solidaridad Signup and view all the answers

What did the Masonic Lodge 'Revolucion' petition for?

Affiliation with the Gran Oriente Espanol Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge faced by Filipino students in Spain during the 1880s?

Poor quality of education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was emphasized in the second stage of the committee's plan?

Awakening Filipino consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What influence did the Church have on education in 1880s Spain?

Thwarted revolutions and greater knowledge acquisition Signup and view all the answers

What notable achievement did both Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo accomplish in 1884?

They won prizes at the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid. Signup and view all the answers

Who was a prominent leader in the Propaganda Movement and also served as editor of La Solidaridad?

Marcelo H. del Pilar Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary goals of the Propaganda Movement?

To achieve fairness among Filipinos before the law. Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the propaganda movement according to the content?

The public execution of GOMBURZA. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT an aim of La Solidaridad?

To promote violent revolution against the Spanish. Signup and view all the answers

Which individual was recognized specifically for mocking corrupt practices in the Philippines?

Graciano Lopez Jaena Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Francisco Mercado to change his name?

To avoid negative stereotypes related to his Chinese ancestry Signup and view all the answers

What prestigious medal did Juan Luna win for his artwork Spolarium?

Gold Medal of the first class Signup and view all the answers

What was an important aspect of Jose Rizal's involvement in the Propaganda Movement?

He wrote critiques and proposed reforms in Spain. Signup and view all the answers

How did Rizal's mother's background contribute to his identity?

Her mixed ancestry connected Rizal to various cultural backgrounds Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Spanish landownership system in the Philippines?

Burden of forced labor and peasant uprisings increased Signup and view all the answers

What sparked the 1745 Revolt in the Philippines?

Land usurpation and the restriction of common land use Signup and view all the answers

Who was Juan, one of Francisco Mercado's children?

A well-respected and generous citizen of Biñan Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly resulted from abuses by the Spanish government?

The Cavite Mutiny Signup and view all the answers

What role did employment on haciendas play for Filipinos under Spanish rule?

It resulted in permanent disenfranchisement and limited rights Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of Rizal's family background?

They were well-to-do with many influential lawyers and priests Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Propaganda Movement

The Propaganda Movement sought to improve the rights of Filipinos, who were denied these rights by the Spanish authorities.
The movement emphasized the need for Filipinos to unite and defend themselves from oppression.
Key figures included Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, and Emilio Jacinto.
The movement campaigned for reforms across political, social, and economic spheres.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Delegate for the Comite de Propaganda de Manila.
Proposed a two-phased plan for reforming the Philippine government:
- Peaceful campaign for a seat in the Spanish Cortes
- Awakening the consciousness of Filipinos in the Philippines to join the cause.
- His publication, La Solidaridad, informed and mobilized Filipinos.

Key Elements of the Propaganda Movement

La Solidaridad was published in Spain and advocated for Filipinos' rights.
Marcelo del Pilar played a vital role in sustaining La Solidaridad.
The Masonic Lodge became involved in the movement, seeking affiliation with the Gran Oriente Espanol in 1889, signaling their interest in reform and revolution.

La Solidaridad

Founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena and Galicano Apacible.
Jose Rizal served as honorary president, further establishing the movement's influence.
The publication was sustained by Dr. Miguel Morayta and Ferdinand Blumentritt.
The magazine aimed to expose the appalling conditions in the Philippines and advocate for Spanish intervention.

Student Activities in Spain

Filipino students actively protested against the Spanish government’s unfair practices.
They were particularly critical of the Church's influence that stifled education and progress.
The students benefited from the renewed university life in Spain, gaining knowledge and challenging Spanish policies.

Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

Both won prizes at the Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid in 1884 for:
- Luna's Spolarium won a gold medal.
- Hidalgo's Vigenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho won another gold medal.
Their successes boosted Filipino artistic recognition and strengthened the Filipino nationalist movement.

GOMBURZA and the Rise of the Movement

GOMBURZA comprised Gozales, Burgos, and Zamora, priests executed by the Spanish government.
Their deaths sparked outrage, leading to a surge in Filipino nationalism.
The execution of GOMBURZA is seen as pivotal in the development of the Filipino national consciousness and the rise of the movement.
Leading figures like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal joined the movement through their respective publications, advocacy, and reformist efforts.
Rizal's novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, detailed the injustices inflicted by the Spanish regime.

Failure and Successes of the Propaganda Movement

Internal conflicts hindered the movement's unity.
The movement lacked resources and funding to sustain its efforts.
The Philippines' restrictive press laws limited the reformists' ability to reach a broader audience.
Despite setbacks, the movement successfully amplified the voice of the oppressed Filipinos.
Its members were able to express their emotions effectively through their writings, music, and artistic contributions.

Rizal's ancestry traces back to Chinchew, a Chinese city in the Philippines.
His family were prominent figures in Filipino society, with many lawyers and priests.
The family originally practiced non-Catholicism but later transitioned to Catholicism.
Rizal's grandfather, Francisco Mercado, changed his name to distance himself from his Chinese background, which was a source of stereotypes.
Rizal's maternal grandfather, Lorenzo Alberto, was of Chinese descent.
Teodora Alonzo, Rizal's mother, blended Spanish, Chinese, and Tagalog ancestry through her family.

The Cavite Mutiny

The Cavite Mutiny stemmed from the oppressive policies enforced by the Spanish government, leading to Filipino士兵起义。
The uprising, while short-lived, sparked a decisive moment in the fight for Philippine independence.
It became a catalyst for the propaganda movement, which aimed to liberate the Philippines from Spanish rule.

Early Period of Spanish Colonization

The shift in Spanish land-ownership policies in the Philippines from cattle ranching to sugar production had significant implications for the Filipino populace.
The Spanish government granted land to Spanish landowners, impacting Filipinos who worked on these haciendas.
The policy of exempting Spanish landowners from taxes forced Filipinos to shoulder the burden of labor.
Increased exploitation led to peasant uprisings, such as the 1745 Revolt, aimed at securing better conditions.
The unrest eventually culminated in the Cavite Mutiny, a direct response to Spanish injustices.

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