Questions and Answers
What is accounting?
What is an accounting system?
A planned process for providing financial information that will be useful to management.
What are accounting records?
Organized summaries of a business' financial activities.
What is a service business?
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What is a proprietorship?
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What is an asset?
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What are equities?
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What is a liability?
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What is owner's equity?
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What is the accounting equation?
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What is a transaction?
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What is an account?
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What is an account title?
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What is an account balance?
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What is capital?
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What is a balance sheet?
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What is revenue?
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What is a sale on account?
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What is an expense?
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What are withdrawals?
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What is a T account?
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What is a debit?
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What is a credit?
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What is normal balance?
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What is a chart of accounts?
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What is a journal?
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What is journalizing?
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What is an entry?
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What is a general journal?
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What is double-entry accounting?
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What is a source document?
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What is a check?
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What is an invoice?
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What is a sales invoice?
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What is a receipt?
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What is a memorandum?
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What is a ledger?
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What is a general ledger?
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What is an account number?
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What is file maintenance?
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What is opening an account?
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What is posting?
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What is proving cash?
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What is a correcting entry?
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What is a checking account?
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What is an endorsement?
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What is a blank endorsement?
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What is a special endorsement?
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What is a restrictive endorsement?
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What is a postdated check?
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What is a bank statement?
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What is a dishonored check?
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What is electronic funds transfer?
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What is a debit card?
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What is petty cash?
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What is a petty cash slip?
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What is a fiscal period?
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What is a work sheet?
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What is a trial balance?
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What are adjustments?
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What is an income statement?
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What is net income?
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What is a net loss?
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What is component percentage?
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What are adjusting entries?
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What are permanent accounts?
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What are temporary accounts?
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What are closing entries?
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What are post-closing entries?
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What is the accounting cycle?
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What is the accounting period cycle?
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What is adequate disclosure?
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What is a business entity?
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What is consistent reporting?
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What does going concern mean?
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What does matching expenses with revenue mean?
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What is objective evidence?
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What is a unit of measure?
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Study Notes
Accounting Concepts
- Accounting: Involves planning, recording, analyzing, and interpreting financial information for decision-making.
- Accounting System: A structured process designed to supply financial information for management's use.
- Service Business: Engages in activities offered for a fee to clients.
Business Structures
- Proprietorship: A business owned and operated by a single individual, bearing all responsibilities.
- Asset: Valuable items owned by a business, contributing to its overall worth.
- Equities: Represents the financial rights to the assets possessed by a business.
- Liability: Obligations or debts owed by the business to external parties.
Financial Metrics
- Owner's Equity: Calculated as the difference between total assets and total liabilities; reflects the owner's remaining interest in the business.
- Accounting Equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity; fundamental principle governing accounting.
Transaction Elements
- Transaction: Any event affecting the financial position of the business, altering assets, liabilities, or owner's equity.
- Account: A detailed record summarizing all information related to a specific item in the accounting equation.
Financial Statements
- Balance Sheet: A snapshot of a business’s financial position at a specific date, detailing assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity.
- Income Statement: Reports revenues and expenses over a fiscal period, allowing assessment of profitability.
Recording Processes
- Journal: A chronological record of all financial transactions; entries include dates, amounts, and accounts affected.
- Posting: The procedure of transferring journal entry data to respective ledger accounts.
- Adjusting Entries: Journal entries made at the end of a period to align actual income and expenses with the accounting period.
Banking Transactions
- Check: A document instructing a bank to pay a certain amount from the check writer’s account.
- Endorsement: A signature on the back of a check allowing transfer of ownership.
- Bank Statement: Periodic report detailing account transactions, including deposits and withdrawals.
Cash Management
- Petty Cash: A small amount of cash kept on hand for minor expenses.
- Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT): A system enabling the electronic movement of money between accounts.
Accounting Practices
- Accounting Cycle: The comprehensive series of steps to record and analyze financial transactions throughout a fiscal period.
- Adequate Disclosure: The practice of providing all necessary information on financial statements for clarity on financial condition.
- Consistent Reporting: Ensures that accounting rules and procedures are uniformly applied across periods.
Financial Analysis
- Net Income: The profit remaining after total expenses are deducted from total revenue.
- Net Loss: Occurs when total expenses surpass total revenue within a period.
- Component Percentage: The ratio of a specific financial item to the total that includes it, useful for analyzing financial statements.
Closing and Temporary Accounts
- Temporary Accounts: Accounts used to collect data for a single period; balances are reset at the end of the period.
- Closing Entries: Journal entries that finalize the temporary accounts for the new fiscal cycle.
- Post-Closing Entries: A trial balance prepared following the closure of accounts, ensuring balance post-adjustments.
Important Accounting Principles
- Going Concern: Assumes that a business will continue to operate indefinitely unless stated otherwise.
- Matching Expenses with Revenue: Requires aligning revenues and related expenses within the same accounting period, promoting accurate financial representation.
Fundamental Definitions
- Normal Balance: Refers to the usual side (debit or credit) that increases an account’s value.
- Unit of Measure: Assures that transactions are recorded in a consistent numerical format, maintaining uniformity across financial records.
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