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Questions and Answers

What significant action did the Indian government take on June 26, 1975, regarding the media?

  • They launched a national newspaper.
  • They lifted all censorship regulations.
  • They passed a law to prevent malicious articles. (correct)
  • They established the Press Council of India.
  • Which newspaper ran a blank editorial on June 28, 1975, in protest against media censorship?

  • The Indian Express (correct)
  • The Statesman
  • The Hindu
  • Indian Herald
  • How did The Hindu newspaper headline its coverage of the Emergency on June 28, 1975?

  • Indira Gandhi’s Dictatorship Digs In.
  • President Proclaims National Emergency. (correct)
  • 'A Shift by India' in government policies.
  • 'Emergency Declared' with arrests of key leaders.
  • What did V.C. Shukla mandate regarding the categorization of newspapers?

    <p>Their categorization would be based on editorials prior to the Emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact has COVID-19 had on local newspapers?

    <p>Journalists being laid off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international publication discussed the Emergency, claiming that strict censorship affected the Indian press?

    <p>TIME magazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term was used to describe the pandemic's impact on journalism?

    <p>Extinction event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge faced by journalists during the pandemic?

    <p>Navigating censorship and repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of the censorship imposed during the Emergency?

    <p>Only official announcements were printed by newspapers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to regarding citizen journalism?

    <p>Greater accessibility of reports by citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long did it take for newspapers to resume publication after the government's initial censorship actions?

    <p>Two days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prominent leaders were mentioned as arrested during the declaration of the Emergency?

    <p>Atal Bihari Vajpayee, JP, Morarji Desai, Asoka Mehta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a 'second disease' accompanying the pandemic?

    <p>Infodemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can false information during the pandemic be classified?

    <p>Disinformation and misinformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one role of journalism amid the 'infodemic'?

    <p>To provide credible information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon can result from the long duration of the pandemic?

    <p>COVID-19 information fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental right was enshrined in India's constitution after independence to support the press?

    <p>Right to free speech and expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following newspapers was established during the early years after India's independence and became influential?

    <p>The Times of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did journalists play in post-independence India?

    <p>Served as key influencers and watchdogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the regional and language press contribute to the media landscape in India?

    <p>They reflected the country’s linguistic and cultural diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant impact of the expansion of print media in India post-independence?

    <p>Advocacy for social justice and information dissemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue did many journalists address in post-independence India?

    <p>Social injustices and corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the press in India post-independence is NOT true?

    <p>The press exclusively focused on national issues in English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the challenges faced by the press in India after independence?

    <p>Government censorship and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Hindi publications initially serve in the early 20th century?

    <p>Advocating for anti-colonial nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sevanti Ninan argue about the impact of commercialization on the Hindi press?

    <p>It had similar effects as American penny press commercialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thinker’s concept of the public sphere does Sevanti Ninan reference in her study?

    <p>Jurgen Habermas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the post-liberalisation period, what demographic shift did the Hindi press aim to reach?

    <p>Upwardly mobile and consumerist readers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of readership does Habermas consider important for the public sphere?

    <p>Quantity and inclusion of participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the turn of the 21st century, how had the role of the Hindi press changed?

    <p>It transitioned from nationalism to material change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of the increased circulation of Hindi newspapers?

    <p>Greater engagement in political socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the focus of the Hindi press by the end of the century?

    <p>Emphasizing local news and consumer interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary factor has made social media platforms susceptible to the disinfodemic?

    <p>Business models focused on user attention and data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach has NOT been taken by social media companies to combat COVID-19 misinformation?

    <p>Increased advertising for misinformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence faced by legitimate expression in content moderation on social media?

    <p>Misidentification and removal of valid posts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have telecommunications companies contributed to addressing misinformation during the pandemic?

    <p>Providing zero-rate access to public health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of laws against ‘fake news’ during the pandemic?

    <p>Increased imprisonment of journalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization has social media platforms partnered with to direct users toward official health information?

    <p>The WHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions has been implemented excessively by social media platforms in response to misinformation?

    <p>Content downranking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the measures that telecommunications companies took during the pandemic?

    <p>Suspending data caps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Regional Channels in India?

    <p>To serve regional languages and dialects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Regional Channels are currently operating in India?

    <p>133</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of programming do Local Radio stations primarily focus on?

    <p>Local culture and community issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did broadcasting in India begin before the establishment of AIR?

    <p>1923</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization replaced the Indian Broadcasting Service in 1936?

    <p>All India Radio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of Lionel Fielden appointed in 1935?

    <p>First Controller of Broadcasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode of transmission do Local Radio stations primarily use?

    <p>FM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the programming in Regional Channels?

    <p>A diverse mix including music, news and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

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