Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the most common acquired paralysis in a previously healthy child?

Guillain Barre syndrome

What is the most important electrolyte to replace in a dehydrated 4 week old infant with gastric outlet obstruction?

Potassium

A child has a midline cyst in the neck that moves with swallowing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Thyroglossal duct cysts

How much time does a full term neonate spend in a waking state?

30 % Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate initial bolus dose of an isotonic crystalloid solution for a 16 month old in hypovolemic shock?

20ml/kg over 5-20 min may repeat Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is most commonly done to correct hydrocephalus in a newborn with a meningomyelocele?

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for an infant with hypotonia, upslanting palpebral fissures, and a single transverse palmar crease?

Trisomy 21 Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Trisomy 21?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of deaths in infants?

SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) Signup and view all the answers

What antibiotic is the best treatment for a 4 week-old infant with fever and right otitis media?

Ampicillin and ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for an infant with agenesis of the forearm and cardiac anomalies?

Holt-Oram syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most effective and practical method to prevent the spread of infection?

Hand washing with soap Signup and view all the answers

What is the best intervention for a child having difficulty maintaining lip seal with a bottle and nipple?

Pressure under the jaw Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate next course of action for a newborn with low heart rate after a traumatic birth?

Therapeutic hypothermia Signup and view all the answers

What are initial respiratory signs and symptoms of septic shock?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of a reducible swelling of the scrotum in a newborn?

Failure of processus vaginalis to involute Signup and view all the answers

What is the best initial management for an infant with noisy breathing that gets worse when coughing or feeding?

Reassurance and supportive therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is this a sign of in a 1 week old infant with noisy breathing?

Tracheomalacia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common childhood abdominal malignancy?

Wilms Tumor Signup and view all the answers

What capillary refill time in neonates would suggest decreased intravascular volume?

4-5 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What test would be most helpful in making the diagnosis for a lethargic infant with poor feeding?

Stool for botulinum toxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of hearing loss associated with Pierre Robin syndrome?

60% Signup and view all the answers

From age 4 years old until puberty, what is the average growth per year?

5 cm/yr Signup and view all the answers

With what condition will gastrografin enema NOT be therapeutically helpful?

Hirschsprung disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal systolic BP of a newborn?

70 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What equipment should be requested at the bedside for an 18 month old with pneumonia who becomes hypoxic?

Large bore needle and chest tube set up Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important variable in assuring bonding between the father and child?

Presence of the father in the delivery room Signup and view all the answers

With what is Klumpke paralysis mainly associated?

Traction lesion of C8 and T1 spinal nerves Signup and view all the answers

When should the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine be given to an infant born of an HBsAg-positive mother?

1 month Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the performance of an unlawful act?

Malfeasance Signup and view all the answers

What study is the most appropriate initial radiographic study for an infant with abdominal pain and bilious emesis?

Upper GI Signup and view all the answers

Which location is most commonly involved in compartment syndrome?

Anterior compartment of the lower leg (tibial fx) Signup and view all the answers

What area of the brain is least likely to be affected by kernicterus?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates can result in?

Kernicterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis for a newborn with an abnormal left arm after a difficult delivery?

Erb Duchenne palsy Signup and view all the answers

What is due to paralysis of the upper brachial plexus and is most common during childbirth?

Erb palsy Signup and view all the answers

Where is an intraosseous line usually inserted?

One finger breadth below the tibial tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to the vocal cords, where is the LMA usually placed?

Superior Signup and view all the answers

What is the most ominous significance of leukocoria?

Retinoblastoma Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is treated with fresh frozen plasma and platelets?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What weight defines fetal macrosomia in a term infant?

4500 grams Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by opaque peripheral lungs on CXR in a neonate one day after birth?

This is quite normal, the peripheral alveoli do not fully expand until several days after birth. Signup and view all the answers

The left umbilical vein communicates directly with the:

Ductus venosus Signup and view all the answers

What will most likely result from an injury to the middle meningeal artery?

Epidural hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Most neonates pass meconium within how long after birth?

24 hours Signup and view all the answers

During ventilation of an infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, what precaution should be exercised?

Lower ventilatory pressure Signup and view all the answers

What treatment should be considered for a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome who develops kernicterus?

Plasma Exchange Signup and view all the answers

Where is the most common defect of myelomeningocele?

Lumbar Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common origin of arterial anomaly of origin in tetralogy of Fallot?

LAD from RCA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely etiologic agent for a 2 week old female with cough and conjunctivitis?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for chlamydia?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is most useful if employing the E-C clamp technique?

BVM device Signup and view all the answers

What chromosome most likely expresses an abnormality for a 2 month old without a red reflex?

13 Signup and view all the answers

This neonate has macrocephaly with a head circumference of 39 cm. What condition does this indicate?

Macrocephaly Signup and view all the answers

A normal head circumference in a neonate is _____?

34-35 cm Signup and view all the answers

What device will best assist you in the care of a 2 year old brought in cardiac arrest?

Pediatric emergency tape Signup and view all the answers

What is the major occupation of preschool children?

Player Signup and view all the answers

Growth assessment should be done every _____?

4-6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the best investigation that should be done for a 3 week old male presenting with vomiting?

Abdominal US Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method of opening the airway in a patient who is unconscious and vomiting?

Place in the recovery position Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of Wilms Tumor?

Abd mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed mechanism for imperforate anus associated with rectovesical fistula in males?

A failure of the urorectal septum Signup and view all the answers

How should an infant with low APGAR scores be managed?

Intubation Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first treatment of an infant born at 28 weeks?

Place the neonate in a radiant warmer Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely causative agent for an infant with signs of congenital infection?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most probable diagnosis for an infant who returns with stridor and wheezing after a tracheoesophageal fistula?

Tracheomalacia Signup and view all the answers

What is the APGAR score of a newborn with a HR of 60 and a normal physical exam?

9 Signup and view all the answers

What test should be ordered for a non-gaining weight 3 month old with fatty stools?

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mutations DNA testing Signup and view all the answers

Following traumatic skull fracture, what is the most common cause of meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

By what means is a child whose parents are not present treated?

Implied consent Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cardiac malformation?

Ventricular septal defect Signup and view all the answers

This is a typical presentation of which disorder in an infant who is normal at birth but appears jaundiced at 6 weeks?

Biliary atresia Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the moro reflex disappear?

4 months Signup and view all the answers

What complication is associated with fetal growth restriction?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What does a week old baby not having had a bowel movement suggest?

Imperforate anus Signup and view all the answers

What causes Kehr sign?

Splenic trauma Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is pain at the tip of the shoulder secondary to irritants under the diaphragm?

Kehr sign Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of cardiogenic shock?

Pump failure Signup and view all the answers

At what age should circumcision be performed for a neonate with hypospadias?

After 2 years old Signup and view all the answers

When do neonatal SAH induced seizures usually appear?

One hour of life Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Most common acquired paralysis in previously healthy children.

Potassium

Vital electrolyte to replace in a dehydrated 4-week-old infant with gastric outlet obstruction.

Thyroglossal Duct Cysts

Characterized by a midline neck cyst that moves with swallowing.

Neonate Wake Time

A full-term neonate spends approximately 30% of their time in a waking state.

Isotonic Crystalloid Solution Bolus

Initial bolus for a 16-month-old child in hypovolemic shock: 20ml/kg over 5-20 minutes, may repeat.

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Most common procedure for correcting hydrocephalus in newborns post-meningomyelocele surgery.

Trisomy 21 Symptoms

Infant with hypotonia, upslanting palpebral fissures, bilateral epicanthal folds, macroglossia, and single transverse palmar crease likely has Down syndrome.

Down Syndrome

Another name for Trisomy 21.

SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a common cause of death in infants.

Antibiotic Treatment

In a 4-week-old with fever and right otitis media, appropriate treatment includes Ampicillin and Ceftriaxone.

Holt-Oram Syndrome

Diagnosed when an infant shows agenesis of the forearm, cardiac anomalies, and a bifid thumb.

Infection Prevention

Hand washing with soap is the most effective method to prevent infection spread.

Lip Seal Difficulty

Best intervention for maintaining lip seal with a bottle and nipple involves applying pressure under the jaw.

Therapeutic Hypothermia

Recommended if a term infant shows lethargy, overactive reflexes, and had significant metabolic acidosis after resuscitation.

Septic Shock Respiratory Signs

Initial signs include hyperventilation.

Scrotum Swelling Cause

A reducible scrotal swelling in a newborn is likely due to failure of the processus vaginalis to involute.

Infant Breathing Noises

Reassurance and supportive therapy are the best initial management for respiratory noises in a 1-week-old.

Tracheomalacia

Characterized by high-pitched noisy breathing which improves during sleep in infants.

Wilms Tumor

Most common abdominal malignancy in children.

Capillary Refill Time

A capillary refill time of 4-5 seconds in neonates indicates potential decreased intravascular volume.

Botulinum Toxins Test

Stool testing for botulinum toxins is helpful in diagnosing lethargy, weak cry, and poor feeding in infants.

Pierre Robin Syndrome Hearing Loss

Associated with a hearing loss rate of 60%.

Child Growth Rate

Average growth from age 4 years until puberty is 5 cm per year.

Hirschsprung Disease Treatment

Gastrografin enema is not therapeutically helpful in this condition.

Normal Newborn Blood Pressure

Normal systolic blood pressure for a newborn is around 70 mmHg.

Patient Equipment for Pneumonia

Large bore needle and chest tube setup should be prepared for an 18-month-old with pneumonia.

Father-Child Bonding

Presence of the father in the delivery room is crucial for bonding.

Klumpke Paralysis

Associated with traction lesions of the C8 and T1 spinal nerves.

Hep B Vaccine Timing

Second dose for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers is given at 1 month.

Malfeasance

General term for performing an unlawful act.

Upper GI Study

Recommended initial radiographic study for a 2-week-old with abdominal pain and bilious emesis.

Compartment Syndrome Location

Anterior compartment of the lower leg is commonly involved.

Kernicterus

Result of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.

Erb Duchenne Palsy

Diagnosed in a newborn with an abnormal left arm appearing paralyzed and rotated.

Brachial Plexus Injury

Erb palsy due to paralysis of the upper brachial plexus from difficult childbirth.

IO Line Insertion Site

Commonly inserted one finger breadth below the tibial tuberosity.

LMA Positioning

Laryngeal Mask Airway is placed superior to the vocal cords.

Retinoblastoma

Ominous significance of leukocoria can indicate retinoblastoma.

DIC Treatment

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is treated with fresh frozen plasma and platelets.

Fetal Macrosomia

Defined by a birth weight of 4500 grams in term infants.

Neonatal CXR Findings

Opaque lung periphery on day after birth is considered normal; alveoli may not fully expand.

Ductus Venosus Communication

Left umbilical vein communicates directly with the ductus venosus.

Epidural Hemorrhage

Resulting injury from a middle meningeal artery blowout.

Neonates and Meconium

Most neonates pass meconium within 24 hours after birth.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Ventilation

Lower ventilatory pressure is crucial to avoid complications.

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

Plasma exchange is a consideration for treatment after kernicterus.

Myelomeningocele Defect Location

Most commonly occurs in the lumbar region.

Tetralogy of Fallot Anomaly

Most common arterial anomaly of origin is the LAD from RCA.

Chlamydia in Infants

Likely cause of symptoms in a 2-week-old female with cough and conjunctivitis is Chlamydia.

Erythromycin Use

Drug of choice for treating Chlamydia infections.

BVM Device Techniques

Employing the E-C clamp technique enhances effectiveness.

Chromosome Abnormality

A lack of red reflex correlates with potential abnormalities on chromosome 13.

Macrocephaly Measurement

Head circumference of 39 cm defines macrocephaly in a full-term infant.

Normal Head Circumference Range

Normal head circumference in neonates is 34-35 cm.

Pediatric Emergency Tape

Essential tool for managing cardiac arrest in children.

Preschool Children Activities

Major occupation for preschool children is play.

Growth Assessment Frequency

Should be performed every 4-6 months for monitoring development.

Abdominal US Indication

Best investigation for a 3-week-old with post-feeding vomiting and poor weight gain is an abdominal ultrasound.

Airway Management in Unconscious Patients

Placing unconscious patients in the recovery position opens the airway effectively.

Wilms Tumor Presentation

Most common presentation is an abdominal mass.

Imperforate Anus Mechanism

Associated with failure of the urorectal septum.

APGAR Scores Management

Infants with low APGAR scores (2 and 4) at 1 and 5 minutes require immediate management such as intubation.

Neonatal Care at 28 Weeks

Initial treatment for infants at 28 weeks includes placing them in a radiant warmer.

Cytomegalovirus Symptoms

Signs such as chorioretinitis and intracranial calcifications indicate potential CMV infection in infants.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula Complications

Expiratory stridor and wheezing in infants can signify tracheomalacia.

APGAR Score Calculation

A newborn with a HR of 60 and a normal physical examination would likely receive an APGAR score of 9.

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

DNA testing for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mutations is recommended for diagnosing CF when sweat tests are inconclusive.

Post-Traumatic Meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of meningitis following a traumatic skull fracture.

In the absence of parents, a child is treated under implied consent provisions.

Most Common Cardiac Malformation

Ventricular septal defect is recognized as the most common cardiac defect.

Biliary Atresia Symptoms

Typical presentation of this condition includes jaundice appearing 6 weeks after birth.

Moro Reflex Timeline

Moro reflex typically disappears by 4 months of age.

Fetal Growth Restriction Complication

Complication associated with fetal growth restriction is hypoxia.

Neonate with Imperforate Anus

Suspected condition in a week-old baby not yet having a bowel movement is imperforate anus.

Kehr Sign

Indicative of splenic trauma, characterized by referred pain to the shoulder.

Kehr Sign Explanation

Occurs when irritation such as blood under the diaphragm causes shoulder pain.

Cardiogenic Shock Cause

Primary cause of cardiogenic shock is pump failure.

Hypospadias Circumcision Timing

Circumcision should be performed after specifically 2 years of age if hypospadias is present.

Neonatal SAH Seizure Timing

Seizures induced by neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage typically appear within the first hour of life.

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