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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'selector' refer to in CSS?

  • The overall layout structure of a web page
  • The style sheet file used for external linking
  • The property and value of a style declaration
  • The element that is being styled (correct)

Which of the following best describes 'inline' styling in CSS?

  • Styles that affect only block-level elements
  • Styles loaded from an external CSS file
  • Styles defined within the HTML document itself (correct)
  • Styles applied to multiple elements using a class

What is the primary advantage of using external style sheets in CSS?

  • They allow for greater reusability and separation of styles from structure (correct)
  • They increase the loading time of a web page
  • They automatically apply styles to child elements only
  • They are easier to implement than inline styles

What does the 'cascading' aspect of CSS signify?

<p>Style rules will cascade down to child elements unless explicitly overridden (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In CSS, what does the box model represent?

<p>It organizes block-level elements with margins, paddings, and borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS module allows for the creation of grids within a webpage?

<p>Grid Layout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What style rule would be contained within a 'declaration' in CSS?

<p>The property and value of a style, such as 'color: red' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a class selector in CSS?

<p>To group multiple elements for styling with the same rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of relational databases highlighted in the context of modern web applications?

<p>They assume the nature of data is known and unchanging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe databases that do not manage data in a tabular format?

<p>NoSQL Databases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' in a MEAN stack stand for?

<p>MongoDB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stacks is represented by the acronym LAMP?

<p>Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using MariaDB over MySQL?

<p>It is free to use without licensing restrictions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is NOT part of the LEMP stack?

<p>Python (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason many developers prefer using tech stacks like MEAN or LAMP?

<p>They provide a pre-configured environment enabling faster deployment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of XAMPP?

<p>It is a packaged software stack designed for local development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of back-end development?

<p>Accepting requests from a front-end and returning responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is commonly used for database interactions in back-end development?

<p>Python (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of JSON in web development?

<p>To encode data for communication between front-end and back-end. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In web development, what does ORM stand for?

<p>Object Relation Mapping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a full stack developer beneficial in modern web development?

<p>They possess skills in both front-end and back-end development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key component of good web design from a front-end perspective?

<p>Clear user experience (UX) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'data-driven website'?

<p>A website that retrieves and displays information from a database. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a framework like Django play in web development?

<p>It simplifies the creation of web applications and manages backend tasks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NoSQL databases

Databases not using SQL, not restricted to tabular data.

Relational databases

Databases organizing data in tables, assuming known and unchanging data.

Tech Stacks

Collections of technologies working well together for web development.

LAMP stack

Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (or Python) for web development.

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LEMP stack

Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP (or Python) for web development.

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MEAN stack

MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js, Node.js for web development.

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XAMPP

Software package that includes Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and sometimes Perl.

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MariaDB

Open-source database management system, drop-in replacement for MySQL.

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Web Development Approach

This module provides a broad overview of web development technologies rather than a deep dive into a single technology.

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Front-End Development

Focuses on the user interface and user experience of a website, how users interact with the site.

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Back-End Development

Creates the server-side logic and data management of a website, processing requests from the front-end and returning responses.

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Web Architecture

Structure of a website; how different parts interact.

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HTML

Standard markup language for creating web pages.

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CSS

Styling language for web pages.

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JavaScript

Programming language used for web page interactivity.

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Django

Python-based web framework.

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selector

The HTML element being styled in CSS.

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declarations

CSS styles, including property and value pairs (e.g., color: red).

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modules (CSS)

Organized parts of CSS specifications, like the box model.

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box-model

CSS representation of block elements as boxes (margins, padding, borders).

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grid-layout

CSS for creating grid structures.

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flex

CSS feature to intuitively arrange elements in rows.

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inline CSS

Styling within the HTML (not recommended).

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external CSS

CSS stored in separate .css files linked to HTML.

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Study Notes

Web Application Technologies

  • Release 0.01
  • Authors: Patrick Ingham and Tony Jenkins
  • Date: Nov 08, 2024

Table of Contents

  • 1 Welcome (page 1)
  • 2 Getting Started (page 5)
  • 3 How the Web Works (page 15)
  • 4 Web Documents and HTML (page 29)
  • 5 Styling with CSS (page 41)
  • 6 CSS Toolkits (page 57)
  • 7 Javascript (page 65)
  • 8 The MVC Design Pattern (page 73)
  • 9 Intermission: Good Web Design (page 77)
  • 10 Web Frameworks (page 85)
  • 11 Django: Basics (page 101)
  • 12 Django: Models (page 107)
  • 13 Django: Endpoints, Views, and Templates (page 117)
  • 14 Django: Building a Website (page 125)
  • 15 Summary and Review (page 133)
  • 16 Web Technologies (page 135)
  • Index (page 137)

1.1 Pre-Requisites

  • Knowledge of Python programming
  • Object-oriented programming (OOP) knowledge
  • Familiarity with a modern IDE (e.g., PyCharm)
  • Understanding of Source Code Control with Git and GitHub
  • Basic knowledge of relational databases
  • Basic networking concepts

1.3 Outcomes

  • Explain web workings and architectures
  • Create static web pages with HTML and CSS
  • Apply CSS toolkits and frameworks
  • Recognize good and bad web design
  • Develop data-driven websites using modern frameworks (e.g., Django)

1.4 Scope

  • Web development is a vast field
  • Split into Front-End and Back-End development
  • Front-End: User interface, user experience, and web design (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)
  • Back-End: interactions with data stores (databases), business logic (Python, Java, PHP, GoLang, Rust)
  • Technologies act as "glue" to connect the front-end and back-end (JSON, XML, YAML)

1.5 Tools

  • Tools are available in the labs, and are freely downloadable
  • Students can use any operating system (Linux is frequently used in examples)
  • PyCharm Professional Edition is recommended for Django development
  • Python version 3.12 (or later)
  • Web browser(s) required (ideally 2)
  • Internet connection needed

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