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Questions and Answers

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

  • Cells grow in size.
  • Mitosis begins.
  • Proteins associated with mitosis are synthesized.
  • Replication of DNA occurs. (correct)

    • What is the end result of mitosis?

  • One diploid cell.
  • Two diploid daughter cells. (correct)
  • Four haploid cells.
  • Two haploid cells.

    • What characterizes passive transport?

  • It alters the structure of the solute.
  • It moves substances against their concentration gradient.
  • It does not require the use of energy. (correct)
  • It requires energy in the form of ATP.

    • What is osmosis specifically referring to?

    <p>Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines active transport?

    <p>It utilizes ATP energy for transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell undergo growth?

    <p>G1 phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of gametes in reproduction?

    <p>To participate in fertilization and form a new organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chlorophyll molecule during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>To absorb light and transfer energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during dehydration synthesis?

    <p>Subunits are joined by covalent bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs as a result of the photolysis of water during photosynthesis?

    <p>Release of free electrons and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which photosystem has an absorption peak at 700 nm?

    <p>Photosystem I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ATP synthase in the light-dependent reactions?

    <p>To phosphorylate ADP to form ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs first in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll absorbs a photon of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is produced as a by-product of the light-dependent reactions?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does plastoquinone play in the light-dependent reactions?

    <p>It transports energized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the light-dependent reactions, where do the reactions primarily take place?

    <p>Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a by-product when water is photolyzed?

    <p>Oxygen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electron transport system in photosystems primarily serves what purpose?

    <p>To transfer electrons released by chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is utilized to reduce carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times must the Calvin cycle turn to regenerate three molecules of RuBP?

    <p>Three times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the raw materials required for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>RuBP, ATP, NADPH, and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is formed as a result of the reduction step in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cellulase?

    <p>To digest cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes triglycerides?

    <p>Formed from one glycerol and three fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins provide structural support for cells and tissues?

    <p>Fibrous proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is accurate?

    <p>Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphorylated lipids in the body?

    <p>Creating structural components in membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of an amino acid is referred to as the 'R' group?

    <p>The variable side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does protein serve in hormonal regulation?

    <p>To act as signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about fibrous proteins is incorrect?

    <p>They have a folded, ball-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do proteins play in the body?

    <p>Responsible for the creation of some hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is replaced by uracil in RNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chargaff’s rules, what is true about the relationship between adenine and thymine in DNA?

    <p>They are present in equal amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>NADPH, ATP, and O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of RNA compared to DNA?

    <p>RNA is typically single-stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes photorespiration?

    <p>It results in little or no net carbon dioxide fixation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes DNA and RNA in terms of structure?

    <p>RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose primarily oxidized?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up a DNA nucleotide?

    <p>A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key product of the Kreb’s Cycle?

    <p>2 ATP, 6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerobic respiration, what is the primary role of molecular oxygen?

    <p>It acts as the final electron acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Down Syndrome is accurate?

    <p>It typically results from an extra chromosome or deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of glycolysis involves the consumption of ATP?

    <p>Energy Investment Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>Water and an electrochemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway occurs without the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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