vSAN Architecture and Features Quiz
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What happens if a unique 4K block cannot be reduced to 2K or less during compression in vSAN?

  • The block is written uncompressed (correct)
  • The block is moved to a different disk group
  • The block is compressed and stored
  • The block is discarded

    • VSAN ESA supports in-place upgrades from OSA to ESA on the same hardware.

    False

    Name the two types of architectures that vSAN distinguishes between.

    Original Storage Architecture (OSA) and Express Storage Architecture (ESA)

    VSAN ESA can deliver performance improvements of up to ______ times that scale with modern technologies.

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of vSAN ESA with their descriptions:

    <p>High performance NVMe TLC SSD support = Only high performance devices are supported Greenfield deployments = New installations are required without existing assets vCenter management = Use the same management tools as OSA No in-place upgrades = Upgrades must involve new hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a guideline for existing cluster deduplication and compression?

    <p>Implement in-place upgrades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only validated server configurations can support vSAN ESA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of disks supported per vSAN host in the vSAN OSA configuration?

    <p>40 disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports hybrid configurations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disk structure does vSAN OSA utilize?

    <p>Two-tier disk construct known as disk groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN ESA, compression is more __________ compared to vSAN OSA.

    <p>efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vSAN configurations with their specific features:

    <p>vSAN OSA = 40 disks maximum per host vSAN ESA = No defined upper limit on disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for vSAN ESA deployment?

    <p>Four NVMe-based SSDs per host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA can be deployed using existing hardware configurations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many encryption keys are used per cluster in the vSAN ESA configuration?

    <p>Two - One KEK and one DEK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in vSAN OSA is __________ by default.

    <p>off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vSphere version is supported by vSAN OSA?

    <p>6.x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason deduplication options are not available for vSAN ESA clusters?

    <p>They are managed at a policy level, not cluster wide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removing a host from a vSAN ESA cluster will not affect the compliance of the storage policy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What storage size range is supported per vSAN Max host?

    <p>20 to 360 TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In VMware Cloud Foundation, a disaggregated vSAN Max deployment cannot be supported in a __________ cluster topology.

    <p>stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the storage options with their characteristics:

    <p>vSAN HCI = Aggregated storage in VMware Cloud Foundation vSAN Max = Disaggregated storage in VMware Cloud Foundation vSAN ESA = Policy-based deduplication and compression VMware Cloud Foundation = Supports stretched cluster only with vSAN HCI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which VMware Cloud Foundation version allows users to choose between aggregated vSAN HCI and disaggregated vSAN Max clusters?

    <p>VMware Cloud Foundation 5.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN Max can be used retroactively in a deployed cluster.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates health alerts in response to policy noncompliance in vSAN ESA?

    <p>vSAN Health UI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The integration of vSAN Max in deployment and management workflows provides __________ storage for VMware Cloud Foundation.

    <p>shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of vSAN Max in VMware Cloud Foundation?

    <p>Supports stretched cluster topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement for each availability zone in a stretched cluster?

    <p>Each availability zone must contain the same number of hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A witness site in a stretched cluster contains multiple hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required in the default management domain for a given availability zone?

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stretched cluster provides resilience across __________ zones.

    <p>availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stretched cluster use cases with their descriptions:

    <p>Planned Maintenance = Maintaining service without downtime Prevent production outages = Avoiding downtime due to power issues Auto initiation of VM restart = Automatically restarting VMs after failures User focus on app health = Users concentrate on application performance rather than recovery process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of overhead is allocated for vSAN metadata?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effective capacity calculation for RAID 5 supports only FTT=2.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended percentage for slack space calculations in a production environment?

    <p>30 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For optimal performance, the storage I/O controller with the _____ queue depth should be selected.

    <p>HIGHEST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN features with their descriptions:

    <p>FTT = Failures To Tolerate VMDKs = Virtual Machine Disks SPBM = Storage Policy Based Management Deduplication = Reduction of storage space by eliminating duplicate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor must be considered when enabling vSAN Reserved Capacity?

    <p>Cluster maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entering Maintenance Mode can take several hours.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size for Object Space Reservations in vSAN?

    <p>255 GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN operations require that vSphere admins now act as _____ admins.

    <p>storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using pass-through rather than Raid-0 in storage controller selection?

    <p>Eliminates overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required for maintaining FTT of 2 with RAID-5?

    <p>6 hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deduplication and compression can be applied to VMs that utilize VM encryption.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What storage policy status can be monitored in the VM Compliance tab?

    <p>Compliance status of host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A minimum of ______ ESXi hosts is required for RAID-6 configurations.

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the RAID levels with their corresponding failures to tolerate (FTT):

    <p>RAID-0 = FTT-0 RAID-1 = FTT-1 RAID-5 = FTT-1 RAID-6 = FTT-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the deduplication option in vSAN achieve?

    <p>It stores only a single instance of redundant data on each disk group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAID-5 configurations require a minimum of 3 ESXi hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required in the default management domain for each availability zone in a stretched cluster?

    <p>4 hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a stretched cluster in terms of maintenance?

    <p>To perform planned maintenance without service downtime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stretched cluster consists of two active availability zones and one ________ site.

    <p>witness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each stretched cluster use case with its description:

    <p>Planned Maintenance = For maintaining service during updates. Auto VM Restart = To automatically recover virtual machines. Low RTO = When a quick recovery time is needed. Avoiding Production Outages = To prevent service interruptions before issues arise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage configuration model does vSAN OSA use?

    <p>Two-tier disk construct known as disk groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports both hybrid and all-flash configurations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA requires a minimum of ____ CPUs.

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in vSAN ESA is more efficient than in vSAN OSA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in both vSAN configurations is ____ by default.

    <p>off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the encryption key structure for the vSAN OSA configuration?

    <p>One KEK per cluster and one DEK per disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage policy provides a Fault Tolerance Level (FTT) of 2?

    <p>vSAN ESA Default Policy Raid 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression is disabled by default for vSAN ESA storage policies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vSAN ESA not support for storage policies?

    <p>Granular storage policies per VMDK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA capacity reporting can be found under VSAN Cluster-_______-Capacity.

    <p>Monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN ESA characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Compression = Enabled by default unless space efficiency is an issue Granular Policies = Not supported for per VMDK Disk Stripes = Not relevant for vSAN ESA Auto-Policy Management = Optimizes storage policies based on cluster parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to activate Auto-Policy Management in vSAN ESA?

    <p>Enable in VCF settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA uses concatenated RAID-0 within RAID-5 components.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be turned ON to activate Auto-Policy Management in a cluster?

    <p>Auto-Policy Management setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural structure does vSAN ESA utilize?

    <p>Single-tier architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage policies of vSAN ESA with their characteristics:

    <p>Raid 5 = Provides Fault Tolerance Level 1 Raid 6 = Provides Fault Tolerance Level 2 Auto-Policy Management = Configures storage policies based on cluster size Compression = Enabled by default unless disabled for efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A failure of a cache disk in vSAN ESA impacts other disks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports storage policies on a per-_______ basis.

    <p>object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of devices are supported in vSAN ESA?

    <p>NVMe based flash devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA compresses data at __________ to reduce network traffic.

    <p>ingest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of vSAN ESA with their advantages:

    <p>Compresses data once at ingest = Reduces CPU resources Encrypts data once at ingest = Enhances security without performance impact Uses full-stripe writes = Eliminates read-modify-write operations Log-Structured File System = Reduces I/O amplifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using storage pools in vSAN ESA?

    <p>Each disk serves both reads and writes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ingesting smaller I/O from guest VMs to an in-memory stripe buffer helps in packaging larger I/O blocks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Log-Structured Filesystem (LFS) do to enhance I/O performance?

    <p>Packages smaller writes into larger I/O blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With vSAN ESA, the maximum number of disks is defined by the number of __________ in a host.

    <p>disk slots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of vSAN ESA?

    <p>Dependency on cache disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of storage policies in a policy-driven storage system?

    <p>To categorize storage based on desired levels of service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A default policy in vSAN allows for one failure to tolerate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required for implementing Failures to Tolerate (FTT) policies?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN, a __________ is created from components such as flat VMDKs.

    <p>object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of vSAN with their descriptions:

    <p>Flat.VMDK = Object stored in vSAN ESXi host = A physical server running the hypervisor FTT = Failures to Tolerate SPBM = Storage based policy management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of policy is used for creating mirrored copies of VM objects in vSAN?

    <p>RAID-1 Policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Objects in vSAN can only be treated the same regardless of the defined policy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each availability zone in a stretched cluster must contain a different number of hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the witness site in a stretched cluster?

    <p>To maintain witness components for objects that need them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key advantages of vSAN ESA compared to vSAN OSA?

    <p>Better resiliency against disk cache failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN ESA, a pool of independent storage devices means a single disk failure can bring down the entire storage architecture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flash devices does vSAN ESA support?

    <p>NVMe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA introduces the __________ Filesystem which helps reduce I/O amplifications.

    <p>Log-Structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the data intake process in vSAN ESA?

    <p>Data is packaged into larger I/O blocks before being written.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in vSAN ESA occurs multiple times during the data lifecycle to optimize storage efficiency.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checksumming data at ingest in vSAN ESA?

    <p>To reuse already calculated CRCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA's improved I/O flow allows data to be written directly to one __________.

    <p>disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be enabled during the creation of additional clusters with vSAN ESA?

    <p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross vCenter Cross Cluster Capacity Sharing is supported in VCF 5.2.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature allows for automatic verification of underlying hardware in vSAN?

    <p>vSAN Health Check Plugin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To create a vSAN ESA cluster-based deployment, you modify the ______ parameter sheet.

    <p>bring-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT supported for vSAN ESA?

    <p>Conversion from vSAN ESA to vSAN OSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a proxy server for HCL life cycle management is a required step.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document can be provided manually to create vSAN ESA clusters in air-gapped environments?

    <p>HCL JSON file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A minimum of _____ ESXi hosts is required for maintaining FTT of 2 with RAID-5.

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about default vSAN ESA storage policies?

    <p>Compression is enabled by default.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auto-Policy Management must be disabled for the storage policy to take effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does the new vSAN ESA storage type utilize?

    <p>vSAN datastore capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended vSAN ESA Default Policy for optimal performance?

    <p>RAID 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of disk stripes per object is __________ for vSAN ESA.

    <p>not relevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Compression = Enabled by default Granular policies = Not supported Auto-Policy Management = Configures based on cluster type Object storage policies = Supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option refers to the FTT provided by the default vSAN ESA Policy RAID 6?

    <p>FTT=2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports granular storage policies per VMDK.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vSAN ESA do to reduce I/O amplification?

    <p>Performs encryption, compression, and checksum in one location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using vSAN ESA, storage policies are optimized based on cluster size and the number of __________ in the cluster inventory.

    <p>hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about vSAN ESA storage policies is FALSE?

    <p>They support per-VMDK storage policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maximum reduction is required for a 4K block to be stored compressed in vSAN?

    <p>2K or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports in-place upgrades from OSA on the same hardware.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary storage architecture used in VMware Cloud Foundation?

    <p>vSAN ESA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports only high performance NVMe _____ devices.

    <p>TLC SSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the existing cluster deduplication and compression guideline?

    <p>Upgrade the disk group hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected performance improvement of vSAN ESA compared to previous versions?

    <p>up to four-times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum round-trip time (RTT) allowed between availability zones?

    <p>5 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vSphere vMotion networks must be in the same Layer 2 domain to avoid the need for configuring gateways.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default RAID configuration in vSAN ESA that provides Fault Tolerance (FTT) of 1?

    <p>RAID 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured about the gateway for vSphere vMotion in VMware Cloud Foundation?

    <p>It must be reachable and can route traffic between availability zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granular storage policies (per VMDK) are supported in vSAN ESA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The management domain is crucial for accessing and managing workload domains in case of a __________.

    <p>disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network aspects with their requirements:

    <p>Round-trip time (RTT) = Must be ≤ 5 ms IP addresses availability = Must be enough for IP pool vSphere vMotion network = Must route between availability zones if not stretched Gateway for vMotion = Must be reachable and can route traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is enabled by default in vSAN ESA storage policies unless it is disabled due to space efficiency?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature must be activated to enable Auto-Policy Management in vSAN ESA?

    <p>Turn it ON in VCF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of disk stripes per object is significant for vSAN ESA configurations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a new VM is created on the vSAN ESA datastore, what storage policy is used?

    <p>Datastore default policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA uses _______ within its storage policy management.

    <p>per-object storage policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RAID does vSAN ESA default policy use to concatenate components?

    <p>RAID 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of vSAN ESA over traditional vSAN OSA?

    <p>A single failure does not bring down the pool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports only NVMe based flash devices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vSAN ESA minimize in terms of I/O processing?

    <p>I/O flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA introduces the __________ Filesystem to improve efficiency.

    <p>Log-Structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is performed by vSAN ESA during data ingest?

    <p>Data is packaged into larger I/O blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression and encryption in vSAN ESA are performed multiple times to ensure data integrity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two benefits of using vSAN ESA's storage pools.

    <p>Improved efficiency, better resiliency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new architecture of vSAN ESA is designed to use __________ only.

    <p>NVMe disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using VMware Cloud Foundation, a disaggregated vSAN Max deployment is not supported in a __________ cluster topology.

    <p>stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN configurations with their characteristics:

    <p>Aggregated storage = vSAN HCI clusters Disaggregated storage = vSAN Max clusters Compliant storage policy = No health alerts Non-compliant storage policy = Health alerts generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which VMware Cloud Foundation version allows customers to deploy vSAN Max as their primary storage?

    <p>5.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The selection of vSAN HCI or vSAN Max can be retroactively changed after cluster creation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary flexibility offered to customers running VMware Cloud Foundation 5.2 regarding vSAN clusters?

    <p>Deploy clusters as aggregated vSAN HCI or disaggregated vSAN Max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN ESA, deduplication and compression are __________ based.

    <p>policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of vSAN Max in VMware Cloud Foundation?

    <p>Not supported in stretched cluster topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during deduplication in vSAN when a unique 4K block cannot be reduced significantly?

    <p>It is written uncompressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA can be upgraded from OSA on the same hardware.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using vSAN ESA compared to vSAN OSA?

    <p>vSAN ESA delivers up to four times better performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only __________ deployments are supported for vSAN ESA.

    <p>greenfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN features with their characteristics:

    <p>Deduplication = Reduces data redundancy by eliminating duplicate copies Compression = Reduces the amount of space used by storing data in a smaller format High performance NVMe TLC SSD support = Enhances storage performance with fast read/write capabilities No in-place upgrades = Requires new hardware for transitioning between architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial guideline for existing cluster deduplication and compression?

    <p>Format the disk group before data migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is possible to manage vSAN ESA environments using vCenter in the same way as OSA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common use case for vSAN Max?

    <p>To minimize application licensing costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN Max provides a consistent management experience across different environments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum memory requirement for full vSAN per host?

    <p>32GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using __________ can achieve better performance in vSAN configurations.

    <p>NVMe cache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage types with their characteristics:

    <p>All-flash = More predictable and responsive Hybrid = Combination of SSD and HDD SATA = Cost-effective but slower SAS = Higher performance and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for vSAN configurations?

    <p>Using a single storage controller for redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extending the life of existing hardware is a benefit of integrating vSAN Max.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage size supported per vSAN Max host?

    <p>360 TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deduplication and compression are cluster-wide features in vSAN ESA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is essential for the boot device in vSAN configurations?

    <p>UEFI Firmware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve optimal scaling of cloud native applications, compute and storage should be kept __________.

    <p>independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which VMware Cloud Foundation version supports the use of vSAN Max as primary storage?

    <p>5.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage configuration for better performance in vSAN?

    <p>All-flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disaggregated vSAN Max deployment is not supported in a __________ cluster topology.

    <p>stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does removing a host from a vSAN ESA cluster affect?

    <p>Policy compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vSAN Max storage presentation is limited to multiple vCenter systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VMware Cloud Foundation licensing includes __________ entitlements.

    <p>vSAN capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum round-trip time (RTT) allowed between availability zones for networking requirements?

    <p>5 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSphere vMotion networks can operate in different layer 2 domains without configuring any gateways.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured for the vSphere vMotion gateways in a network pool configuration?

    <p>They must be reachable and can route traffic between the availability zones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a campus area network, the vSphere vMotion, vSAN, and host overlay networks might be __________ across the availability zones.

    <p>stretched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following networking requirements with their descriptions.

    <p>RTT &lt;= 5 ms = Maximum allowed round-trip time between zones Sufficient IP addresses = Availability of IP pool for Host Overlay Transport Reachable gateways = Necessary for routing traffic in different layer 2 domains VLANs in different zones = Common configuration for networks in availability zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about a stretched cluster is true?

    <p>A minimum of three hosts is required for each availability zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a stretched cluster in relation to planned maintenance?

    <p>To perform maintenance without service downtime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each availability zone in a stretched cluster is designated as a __________.

    <p>fault domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required for a given availability zone in the default management domain?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a stretched cluster, all availability zones must contain an unequal number of hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stretched cluster can tolerate the failure of an entire __________ zone.

    <p>availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done before stretching a VI workload cluster?

    <p>The management cluster must be stretched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does a stretched cluster provide during power outages?

    <p>Prevents production outages before the impending service outage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for deduplication and compression to occur on vSAN storage?

    <p>The unique 4K block must be reduced to 2K or less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA can utilize in-place upgrades from OSA on the same hardware.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times better performance can vSAN ESA deliver compared to previous technologies?

    <p>four times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the existing cluster deduplication and compression guideline, data must be _______ to the newly formatted disk group.

    <p>moved back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN architecture types with their characteristics:

    <p>OSA = Original Storage Architecture ESA = Express Storage Architecture NVMe = Direct on PC bus for high performance vCenter = Management for vSAN environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true about vSAN ESA?

    <p>Can handle data and services less efficiently than OSA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done with the disk groups before deduplicating and compressing data?

    <p>They must be evacuated and formatted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main storage option supported in VMware Cloud Foundation 5.2?

    <p>vSAN Max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health alerts in vSAN ESA are generated in response to policy compliance issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage size range supported per vSAN Max host?

    <p>20 to 360 TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entering Maintenance Mode for a vSAN can take several hours.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removing a host from a vSAN ESA cluster can make the policy __________.

    <p>noncompliant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following storage deployment types with their characteristics:

    <p>Aggregated vSAN HCI = Supports stretched cluster topology Disaggregated vSAN Max = Does not support stretched cluster topology vSAN ESA = Policy-based deduplication and compression vSAN OSA = Traditional vSAN architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following limitations applies to a disaggregated vSAN Max deployment?

    <p>Not supported in a stretched cluster topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of storage controller selections with their benefits:

    <p>Pass-through = Eliminates overhead Raid-0 = May introduce overhead High queue depth = Supports better performance Disabled cache = Reduces performance risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when enabling vSAN Reserved Capacity?

    <p>Cluster maintenance needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates health alerts in the vSAN ESA environment?

    <p>Policy noncompliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All applications that require iSCSI targets are served by vSAN iSCSI Services.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The selection of vSAN HCI or vSAN Max can be changed after the cluster is created.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN Max can provide a storage range of __________ TB per host ranging from 20 to 360.

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about vSAN stretched clusters?

    <p>They are physically separated to avoid shared disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN is designed for ___ storage policy based management.

    <p>SPBM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum round-trip time (RTT) allowed between availability zones and the witness host with 11 or more hosts in the availability zone?

    <p>100 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vSAN and Management networks don't require routing to the witness site.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be created to commission hosts in the 2nd AZ?

    <p>AZ2 network pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vSAN Witness host can be a physical ESXi host or the vSAN witness ______.

    <p>appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their role in a stretched cluster:

    <p>vSAN Witness host = Hosts witness components of VM objects AZ2 network pool = Network pool for hosts in the second AZ RTT requirement = Latency limit between AZ and witness site Bearer token = Authorization credential for API access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a witness site in a stretched cluster?

    <p>To maintain witness components for objects that need them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does a fault domain provide in a stretched cluster?

    <p>It allows for failure of an entire availability zone without data loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The management cluster must be stretched before any VI workload clusters are stretched.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ESXi hosts are required at minimum in a VI workload domain?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each availability zone in a stretched cluster is configured as a __________.

    <p>fault domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using a stretched cluster?

    <p>Service continuity during maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration does vSAN OSA support?

    <p>Hybrid and all-flash configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA allows the use of SAS and SATA devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of disks supported per vSAN host in vSAN OSA?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Disk Groups = Two-tier disk construct for vSAN OSA Storage Pool = Single-tier structure in vSAN ESA DEK per cluster = One Disk Encryption Key for all disks in vSAN ESA KEK for each cluster = One Key Encryption Key for both vSAN architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for deploying vSAN ESA?

    <p>Minimum of 32 CPUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in vSAN OSA is enabled by default.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA can only be deployed in a __________ deployment.

    <p>greenfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated overhead for vSAN metadata?

    <p>5 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using FTT=1 in production environments does not require a full data migration for workloads.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of slack space is recommended when sizing for a production environment?

    <p>30 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effective capacity is calculated for RAID 5 with FTT = __________.

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN components with their descriptions:

    <p>FT = Raid 1 or 5/6 SPBM = Storage Policy Based Management VMDKs = Size of the Virtual Machine Disks ESXi hosts = Physical machines running the VM infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required for FTT of 1 with RAID-5?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deduplication and compression work together to reduce storage space in vSAN.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ESXi hosts are required for FTT of 2 when using RAID-1?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For RAID-6 configurations, a minimum of ______ ESXi hosts is required.

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RAID levels with their corresponding failures to tolerate (FTT):

    <p>RAID-0 = FTT of 0 RAID-1 = FTT of 1 or 2 RAID-5 = FTT of 1 RAID-6 = FTT of 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What storage policy tab allows monitoring of compliance status for all objects in a policy?

    <p>VM Compliance tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of deduplication in vSAN?

    <p>Reduces redundant data blocks to one copy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for using vSAN ESA?

    <p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager must be enabled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA supports the conversion from vSAN OSA to vSAN ESA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of storage does the vSAN datastore use when utilizing vSAN ESA?

    <p>vSAN ESA storage type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross vCenter Cross Cluster Capacity Sharing is supported from ______ but not in VCF 5.2.

    <p>vCenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the features of vSAN ESA with their characteristics:

    <p>HCL JSON file = Automatically verifies hardware compatibility Proxy server = Connects to the Internet for HCL updates vSphere Lifecycle Manager = Required for ESA clusters Additional vSAN ESA clusters = Can be created via UI or API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option is available for users in air-gapped environments when working with vSAN ESA?

    <p>Manual path for HCL JSON file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN Health Check Plugin performs automatic hardware verification.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environments might benefit from using a proxy server for HCL management?

    <p>Disconnected environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN ESA, effective capacity calculations for RAID 5 support only FTT=______.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vSAN ESA requirements with their descriptions:

    <p>HCL Disk Claim Feature = Auto-claims disks based on compatibility UI or API = Methods for creating additional clusters Bring-up Parameter Sheet = Modifies cluster settings during deployment Cross Cluster Capacity Sharing = Not supported in VCF 5.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to be checked for vSAN ESA during the host commissioning process?

    <p>Host version support for vSAN ESA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hardware compatibility can be verified only after commissioning a host for vSAN ESA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature can be used to automatically claim disks for vSAN ESA?

    <p>HCL disk claim feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum requirement for commissioning a vSAN ESA host is a compatible host version and _______.

    <p>hardware compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the creation of a new VI workload domain with vSAN ESA, which is automatically done?

    <p>Disks are automatically claimed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN ESA processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Host Commissioning = Selects vSAN ESA during host setup Cluster Creation = Automatically claims disks for hosts Workload Domain Creation = Initiates deployment with vSAN ESA option HCL Validation = Checks hardware compatibility with vSAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN Direct is supported with vSAN ESA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the SDDC Manager in relation to vSAN ESA?

    <p>To commission new hosts to vSAN ESA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ option must be enabled in the VMware Cloud Foundation UI for vSAN ESA during VI workload domain creation.

    <p>vSAN ESA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the disk claim fails during cluster creation?

    <p>A vSAN health check is triggered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main goals of using storage policies in vSAN?

    <p>To protect data through object-based fault tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The default policy in vSAN allows for two failures to tolerate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to implement a RAID-1 policy in vSAN?

    <p>Mirrored copies of the flat.vmdk file must be placed on three ESXi hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The failures to tolerate in vSAN are established through __________ on virtual machines.

    <p>rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of vSAN with their descriptions:

    <p>Capacity = The amount of storage space allocated for data Performance = Speed at which data can be accessed and processed Availability = The measure of system uptime and reliability Redundancy = The duplication of critical components to increase reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of storage policies in vSAN?

    <p>User permissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minimum number of ESXi hosts is needed for establishing a default failure to tolerate policy?

    <p>Three ESXi hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disk configurations is supported by vSAN OSA?

    <p>Hybrid and all-flash configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA and vSAN OSA support the same maximum number of disks per host.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes vSAN ESA's compression more efficient than vSAN OSA's compression?

    <p>Compression scope is configured at the individual object level in vSAN ESA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA has a minimum requirement of _____ GB of RAM per host.

    <p>512</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features with their description:

    <p>Disk Maximums in OSA = 40 disks (5x cache, 35x capacity) per host Disk Maximums in ESA = No defined upper limit Encryption in OSA = One KEK per cluster and one DEK per disk Encryption in ESA = One KEK per cluster and one DEK per cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT available in vSAN ESA?

    <p>Deduplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA can be deployed in both greenfield and brownfield environments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of NVMe-based SSDs required per host in a vSAN ESA configuration?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of ESXi hosts required for a RAID-1 configuration with a Failures to Tolerate (FTT) of 2?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAID-5 configurations can tolerate two failures with a minimum of 4 ESXi hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vSphere version is supported only by vSAN ESA?

    <p>8.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What storage technique reduces redundant data blocks in a disk group?

    <p>Deduplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vSAN OSA, compression is __________ by default.

    <p>off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the RAID configurations with their respective Failures to Tolerate (FTT):

    <p>RAID-1 = FTT of 1 RAID-5 = FTT of 1 RAID-6 = FTT of 2 RAID-0 = FTT of 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What erasure coding savings percentage is achieved compared to mirroring at 1.33x object size?

    <p>33%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression is independent of deduplication in storage management systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between VM encryption and deduplication/compression in vSAN?

    <p>Deduplication and compression are ineffective with VMs that use VM encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To enable deduplication and compression, it is required that an _____ architecture is used.

    <p>all-flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for enabling additional clusters with vSAN ESA?

    <p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager must be enabled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plugin is responsible for verifying the underlying hardware for vSAN?

    <p>vSAN Health Check Plugin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VSAN ESA clusters require __________ to be enabled.

    <p>vSphere Lifecycle Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vSAN capabilities with their descriptions:

    <p>Cross Cluster Capacity Sharing = Allows sharing resources among different clusters HCL disk claim feature = Automates disk claiming based on compatibility Proxy Configuration for HCL Management = Enables internet access for disconnected environments Bring-up using UI or API = Deployment options for vSAN ESA clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about vSAN ESA default storage policies is correct?

    <p>Compression is enabled by default unless disabled for space efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FTT stand for in the context of vSAN ESA policies?

    <p>Failure to Tolerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RAID policies with their characteristics:

    <p>RAID 5 = Provides FTT=1 RAID 6 = Provides FTT=2 Compression = Enabled by default for vSAN ESA Granular policies = Not supported in vSAN ESA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be enabled in VCF to apply the benefits of Auto Policy Management?

    <p>Auto-Policy Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression in vSAN ESA can be disabled for space efficiency reasons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the role of Auto-Policy Management in vSAN ESA.

    <p>It configures optimized storage policies based on cluster type and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The default vSAN ESA policy for RAID 5 provides _______.

    <p>FTT=1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage policy characteristic is NOT related to vSAN ESA?

    <p>Disk stripes per object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    VSAN Policy Driven Storage System

    • With SPBM (Storage Based Policy Management) – VCF assets use storage that guarantees specified level of capacity, performance, availability, and redundancy.
    • Storage policies help categorize storage based on desired service levels, provision VM disks for optimal configuration, protect data through object-based fault tolerance.

    Traditional VM Storage

    • Vmdk file points to a flat.vmdk file, which points to a storage array.
    • Storage administrators build logical units (luns) based on criteria.
    • Physical disks, how they are built, numbers of disks, mirroring are unknown.
    • Hard disk capacity is known.

    Policy Driven Object Based Storage

    • VSAN policies protect components such as NSX, SDDC Manager, workload VMs, etc.
    • VM storage policies apply to VM home namespaces, VMDK objects, thin-provisioned VM swap objects, one or more VM snapshot delta objects, one or more VM memory objects, VSAN performance data objects, VSAN File System Service.
    • Objects are made up of components and need redundancy.
    • Needs to be placed on multiple ESXi hosts for redundancy (e.g RAID-1)

    VSAN Storage Policy Space Consumption

    • Comparing RAID 1 mirroring and RAID 5/6 erasure coding.
    • Erasure coding involves more overhead in IOPS and network bandwidth.
    • Need extra ESXi hosts for failures to tolerate (FTT) methods.
    • Minimum hosts required vary based on FTT (e.g., FTT of 0 or 1 = 3 ESXi hosts minimum for Raid-1).
    • RAID 5/6 provide significant capacity savings compared to mirroring, but erasure coding incurs additional overhead in IOPS and network bandwidth.
    • 1.33x object size = 33% erasure coding savings versus mirroring

    VSAN Failures to Tolerate (FTT)

    • By default, VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) protects against one failure.
    • FTT values of 0, 1 or 2 can be selected.
    • Modifying the vSAN Default Storage Policy is recommended by creating a new copy and applying the changes in stages.
    • Host count requirements vary based on the failures-to-tolerate setting.
    • SDDC Manager always configures RAID 1 (mirroring).

    Deduplication and Compression

    • Deduplication and compression reduces the amount of data.
    • Ensures only a single instance of redundant data is used per disk group.
    • Requires all-flash architecture.
    • Deduplication removes redundant data blocks while compression reduces data in each block.
    • This is applied to reduce space and is done during data staging from cache to capacity.

    vSAN (ESA - Express Storage Architecture)

    • Uses current and future hardware.
    • Addresses bottlenecks that have appeared in data centers through newer, faster storage.
    • Focuses on data security, performance, and space efficiency.
    • Enables vSAN to utilize current and future hardware.
    • NVMe is a high-performance, non-uniform memory access (NUMA) protocol.

    vSAN Configuration

    • vSAN ESA configuration does not use disk groups but uses storage pools, which eliminates single point of failure and improves resilience.
    • Storage policies can be changed or modified after applying.
    • Compression is enabled by default unless disabled.
    • Granular storage policies are not supported for VSAN ESA.
    • vSAN ESA Auto-Policy Management configures optimized storage based on cluster size.

    vSAN Max

    • vSAN Max is supported as the primary storage in VCF 5.2 and vSAN 8 U3.
    • It's suitable for deploying clusters as aggregated vSAN HCI clusters or disaggregated vSAN Max clusters.
    • No virtual machines in the vSAN Max cluster.

    vSAN I/O Engine

    • vSAN ESA uses a highly parallel and efficient I/O engine.

    • Data is compressed, encrypted, and checksums at ingest to reduce CPU resources, network traffic.

    vSAN Log-Structured File System (LFS)

    • Provides benefits like reduced I/O amplifications and low overhead.
    • Allows for high-performance snapshots.
    • Ingests smaller I/O from guest VMs and packages them into larger blocks.

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    vSAN Storage Notes (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on vSAN ESA and OSA architectures, including their features, compression methods, and deployment requirements. This quiz covers important guidelines and performance aspects of vSAN systems.

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