41 Questions
When calculating weight and balance for an aircraft, when is an aircraft considered to be in balance?
When the average moment arm of the loaded aircraft falls within its CG range.
What must you do prior to weighing an aircraft to determine the aircraft's empty weight?
Remove all items except those on the aircraft equipment list; drain fuel and fill hydraulic reservoir.
What does the useful load of an aircraft consist of?
crew, usable fuel, passengers, and cargo.
If an aircraft's weight and balance records become lost, destroyed, or otherwise inaccurate, which of the following can provide the empty weight of an aircraft?
Reweighing the aircraft.
In the theory of weight and balance, what is the name of the distance from the fulcrum to an object?
lever arm
(1) Private aircraft are required by regulations to be weighed periodically. (2) Private aircraft are required to be weighted after making any alteration.
neither No. 1 or No. 2 is true.
In order to obtain useful weight data for determining an aircraft’s CG, it is essential that an aircraft be weighed
in a level flight attitude.
In weight and balance computation, what type of measurement is used to designate arm?
Distance.
What determines whether the value of a moment is preceded by a plus (+) or a minus (-) sign in aircraft weight and balance?
The location of the weight in reference to the datum.
On an aircraft weighting form, what should be clearly indicated?
Weighing points.
If the datum line is placed at the nose of an aircraft,
all measurement arms will be in the positive numbers.
Zero fuel weight is the
maximum permissible weight of a loaded aircraft (passengers, crew, and cargo) without fuel.
The empty weight of an aircraft is established by
subtracting the tare weight from the scale reading and adding the weight of each weighing point.
The term "maximum weight" when dealing with weight and balance of an aircraft, is interpreted to mean the maximum
authorized weight of the aircraft and its contents.
Most modern aircraft are designed so that if all seats are occupied, full baggage weight is carried, and all fuel tanks are full. What will be the weight condition of this aircraft?
It will be in excess of maximum takeoff weight.
To get the highest degree of aircraft leveling accuracy, the use of a
Spirit level(s) is best.
In the process of weighing an airplane toward obtaining the CG, the arms from the weighing points always extend
parallel to the centerline of the airplane.
The useful load of an aircraft is the difference between
the maximum takeoff weight and basic empty weight.
Certificated under current airworthiness standards (FAR Part 23) when determining the empty weight of an aircraft, the oil that is contained in the supply tank is considered
a part of the empty weight.
Where can the maximum weight as used in weight and balance control of a given aircraft normally be found?
in the Aircraft Specification or Type Certificate Data Sheet.
An aircraft's LEMAC and TEMAC are defined in terms of distance
from the datum.
When weighing an aircraft with the scales under each landing gear wheel, what could cause inaccurate readings on the weighing scales?
Parking brakes set.
What information is necessary from the weight and balance records when accomplishing loading computations on small aircraft?
current empty weight and empty weight CG
If you have to weigh an aircraft which has full fuel tanks, you must subtract the fuel weight from the scale readings
except unusable fuel.
An aircraft with an empty weight of 2,100 pounds and an empty weight CG + 32.5 was altered as follows: two 18-pound passenger seats located +73 were removed; structural modifications were made at +77 increasing weight by 17 pounds: a seat and safety belt weighing 25 pounds were installed at +74.5:radio equipment weighing 35 pounds was installed at +95 : What is the empty weight CG?
+33.68
An aircraft as loaded weighs 4,954 pounds at a CG of +30.5 inches. The CG range is +32.0 inches to +42.1 inches. Find the minimum weight of the ballast necessary to bring the CG within the CG range. The ballast arm is +162 inches. RMULA: Ballast weight needed = (Total Weight) x (Distance needed to shift CG) Distance between ballast location and desired CG
57.16
An aircraft with an empty weight of 1,800 pounds and an empty weight CG of +31.5 was altered as follows: (1) two 15-pound passenger seats located at +72 were removed; (2) structural modifications increasing the weight 14 pounds were made at +76; (3) a seat and safety belt weighing 20 pounds were installed at +73.5; and (4) radio equipment weighing 30 pounds was installed at +30 (5) your mother law was cranky and you left her at the airport, she weighs 190 and was sitting at +72 What is the new empty weight CG?
+31.61
An aircraft had an empty weight of 2,880 pounds with a moment of 101,673.78 before several alterations were made. The alterations included:(1) removing two passengers seats (15 pounds each) at +71; (2) installing a cabinet (97 pounds) at +71; (3) installing a seat and safety belt (20 pounds) at +71; and (4) installing radio equipment (30 pounds) at +94. The alterations caused the new empty weight CG to move
1.62 inches aft of the original empty weight CG.
When making a rearward weight and balance check to determine that the CG will not exceed the rearward limit during extreme conditions, the items of useful load which should be computed at their minimum weights are those located forward of the
rearward CG limit.
An aircraft with an empty weight of 1,500 pounds and an empty weight CG of +28.4 was altered as follows: (1) two +12-pound seats located at +68.5 were removed; (2) structural modifications weighing +28 pounds were made at +73; (3) a seat and safety belt weighing +30 pounds were installed at +70.5; and (4) radio equipment weighing +25 pounds was installed at +85. (6) hydraulic fluid weighing +15 pounds at +85 What is the new empty weight CG?
+30.30
The following alteration was performed on an aircraft: A model B engine weighing 175 pounds was replaced by a model D engine weighing 185 pounds at a -62.00-inch station. The aircraft weight and balance records show the precious empty weight to be 998 pounds and an empty weight CG of 13.48 inches. What is the new empty weight CG?
12.73 inches
If the empty weight CG of an airplane lies within the empty weight CG limits,
it is not necessary to calculate CG extremes.
When computing the maximum forward loaded CG of an aircraft, minimum weights, arms, and moments should be used for items of useful load that are located aft of the
forward CG limit
All other things being equal, if an item of useful load located aft of an aircraft' s CG is removed, the aircraft's CG change will be
forward in proportion to the weight of the item and its location in the aircraft.
Two elements are vital in the weight and balance considerations of an aircraft. (1) The total weight of the aircraft must be no greater than the maximum weight allowed by the FAA for the particular make and model of the aircraft. (2) The center of gravity, or the point at which all of the weight of the aircraft is considered to be concentrated, must be maintained within the allowable range for the operational weight of the aircraft.
No. 1 and No. 2 are true.
The term arm, usually measured in inches, refers to the distance between the center of gravity of an item or object and the datum. Arms ahead of, or to the left of the datum are negative(-), and those behind, or to the right of the datum are positive(+).
This statement is True.
The weight and balance problems are based on the physical law of the
lever
Find the empty weight CG location for the following tricycle-gear aircraft. Each main wheel weighs 753 pounds, nosewheel weighs 22 pounds, distance between nosewheel and main wheels is 87.5 inches, nosewheel location is +9.875 inches from datum, with 1 gallon of hydraulic fluid at -21.0 inches included in the weight scale.
HINT: what is included in the empty weight of an aircraft?
+96.11 inches
The useful load of an aircraft is the difference between
the maximum takeoff weight and basic empty weight.
If an aircraft CG is found to be at 24 percent of MAC, that 24 percent is an expression of the
distance from the LEMAC.
The CG range in single-rotor helicopters is
more restricted than for airplanes
Test your knowledge on aircraft weight and balance with this quiz. Explore topics such as balance conditions, determining empty weight, useful load, and more.
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