Untitled Quiz

True

<p>A trait is a distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another, allowing us to predict the present from the past. It generally refers to consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving across similar situations, and it can help to differentiate between individuals. Traits are considered to be relatively stable over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While both ‘Trait’ and ‘State’ describe aspects of individual differences, they differ in terms of their stability and duration. Traits, as previously mentioned, are relatively stable and enduring characteristics that underpin a person's behavior. States, on the other hand, are more fleeting and temporary, reflecting a person's current feelings, emotions, or thoughts in a specific situation or at a particular moment in time. Think of it as a snapshot of someone's current state of being versus a more enduring personality characteristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability refers to the dependability or consistency of a test or instrument. It's essentially about how much you can rely on the test to produce consistent results. If a test is reliable, it means that if a person takes the test multiple times or if different versions of the same test are used, they should get roughly the same score, assuming that their true level of the trait being measured hasn't changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Error Variance refers to the variability or discrepancy in test scores that can be attributed to factors other than the true score. Basically, it refers to things that can affect a person's score on a test that are not related to their actual ability or the trait being measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Content validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The standard error of measurement is a statistical measure that reflects the precision of a test score. It quantifies the amount of error that is expected in a person's score if they were to take the same test multiple times. It is calculated using the standard deviation of the errors of measurement. A smaller standard error of measurement indicates that the test is more precise and reliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Content validity refers to how well a test measures the construct it is supposed to measure. In essence, it's about whether the content of the test adequately represents the skills or knowledge that are considered important for the construct being measured. For example, if you're creating a test to measure someone's understanding of reading comprehension, the test should include items that cover different aspects of reading comprehension, such as vocabulary, grammar, and passage understanding. Criterion validity, on the other hand, focuses on the ability of the test to predict or correlate with some external criterion. For example, if a test is designed to assess a person's job performance, it is considered to have good criterion validity if it is shown to accurately predict how well a person will perform on the job. So, content validity is about the content of the test, while criterion validity is about how well the test predicts or correlates with an external criterion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess how well a test measures a defined construct, such as intelligence or personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utility refers to the practical value or usefulness of a test. It's essentially about whether a test helps us make better decisions in a real-world setting. In evaluating the utility of a test, some factors we might consider include whether the test is cost-effective, whether it helps to predict future performance accurately, and whether it's improving the efficiency of the decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrete scales are those where the values can only be whole numbers, representing distinct categories that cannot be divided into smaller units. Imagine counting the number of students in a classroom. You can only have whole numbers, like 10, 20, or 30 students. Continuous scales, on the other hand, allow for values between whole numbers, often involving measurements. For example, if you're measuring a person's height, it can be 5 feet, 5.5 feet, or 5.75 feet; the value can fall anywhere within a continuous range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out the scores are in a distribution, or how much the values vary around the mean. It essentially tells us how spread out the data is. A smaller standard deviation means that the data points are clustered tightly around the mean, while a larger standard deviation indicates that the data points are more widely dispersed from the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify underlying factors that contribute to a person's score on a test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-validation is a process that involves re-evaluating a test's validity using a different group of people than the initial group used to establish the test's validity. It's like testing a new recipe with different ingredients and seeing if it still creates the same tasty result. This additional evaluation helps to ensure that the test's findings are not specific to a particular group of people and that it generalizes well to other populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key difference lies in the way the test results are interpreted. Norm-referenced tests compare a person's score to a norm group, which is a representative sample of individuals who took the same test. Think of it like a standardized test where your score is compared to how others performed. Criterion-referenced tests, on the other hand, measure a person's performance against a specific set of criteria, or standards, rather than comparing the score to a norm group. Think of it like a driver's test where you need to pass certain criteria to get a license, regardless of how other drivers performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers