Questions and Answers
Name the two categories of speech sounds.
Vowels and consonants
How do phoneticians typically distinguish vowels from consonants? (Select all that apply)
In syllable formation, how do vowels and consonants differ?
Only a vowel can be a syllable nucleus
In degree of vocal tract constriction, how do vowels and consonants differ?
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In traditional classification schemes, are vowels analyzed by the same system as consonants?
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List and explain the ways in which vowels are classified.
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List and explain the ways in which consonants are classified.
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In distinctive feature classification, how many systems are needed to classify consonants and vowels?
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What are bases for distinctive features?
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Are distinctive features totally unrelated to traditional classification schemes?
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How does distinctive feature classification view each phoneme?
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Are distinctive features binary?
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What is the manner of production for English vowels?
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What is resonance/resonation?
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What is voicing?
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What is the primary determinant in vowel identity?
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What affects the oral cavity shape for vowel production?
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What are the primary traditional bases for classifying American English vowels? (Select all that apply)
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Define the role of lip position.
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What are monophthong vowels?
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What are diphthong vowels?
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What is the tongue height of vowels? (Select all that apply)
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What is the placement of vowels? (Select all that apply)
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What is the lip shape of vowels? (Select all that apply)
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What is the tenseness of vowels?
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What is the laxness of vowels?
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Name the two primary directions of movement for diphthongs.
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Study Notes
Categories of Speech Sounds
- Speech sounds are categorized into vowels and consonants.
Distinguishing Vowels and Consonants
- Vowels act as syllable nuclei, while consonants do not.
- Phoneticians identify vowels by open vocal tract production and consonants by constricted vocal tract.
- Different systems classify vowels (based on tongue placement and elevation) and consonants (based on articulation place, manner, and voicing).
Syllable Formation
- Only vowels serve as syllable nuclei.
Vocal Tract Constriction
- Vowels have an open vocal tract during production; consonants involve constriction.
Classification of Vowels
- Vowels are classified by tongue placement (front, central, back) and degree of tongue elevation (high, mid, low).
Classification of Consonants
- Consonants are classified based on:
- Place of articulation: the physical location where articulators come together.
- Manner of articulation: the modification of airstream.
- Voicing: presence or absence of vocal fold vibration.
Distinctive Feature Classification
- One system is used for consonants and two for vowels within distinctive feature classifications.
Bases for Distinctive Features
- Features are characteristically both articulatory and acoustic.
Relation to Traditional Classification
- Distinctive features align with traditional vowel classifications; however, it differs in that consonants require one system and vowels two.
Phonemes and Features
- Each phoneme consists of a bundle of binary features, indicating whether the feature is present or absent.
Manner of Production for Vowels
- Vowel production involves modifying the airstream during articulation.
Resonance
- Sound modification occurs through resonance, which involves passing sound through an air cavity.
Voicing in Consonants
- Voicing refers to whether there is vocal fold vibration, categorizing consonants as voiced or voiceless.
Vowel Identity Determinant
- Vowel identity results predominantly from the shaping of the oral cavity.
Factors Affecting Oral Cavity Shape
- Tongue movements, jaw positioning, and lip rounding significantly influence the oral cavity shape for vowel production.
Traditional Classification for American English Vowels
- Vowels are categorized as:
- Tongue elevation: high, mid, low
- Relative closeness: close, open
- Tongue placement: front, back, central
Lip Position in Vowel Classification
- Lip position, whether rounded or unrounded, is an additional classification factor for vowels.
Types of Vowels
- Monophthong vowels maintain a single, unchanged position during articulation.
- Diphthong vowels transition from one vowel position (onglide/nucleus) to another (offglide).
Vowel Characteristics
- Tongue height can be classified as high, mid, or low.
- Vowel placement is categorized as front, central, or back.
- Lip shape can be classified as rounded or unrounded.
- Tenseness denotes the muscular effort and duration in articulating a vowel.
- Laxness indicates minimal muscular effort and shorter duration in vowel articulation.
Movement Directions for Diphthongs
- Diphthongs exhibit two primary movements: onglide (initial position) and offglide (transitioned position).
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 3 of the Vowel Exam. It covers the fundamental categorization of speech sounds, specifically vowels and consonants. Students will explore the distinctions between these sounds in terms of syllable formation and phonetic classification.