Chapter 7
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Questions and Answers

What is one primary purpose of voter registration?

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Which of the following best describes the differences in voter registration across states?

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What kind of requirements were imposed by southern states after the Civil War to disenfranchise Black voters?

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How might the registration process in California differ from that in Texas?

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What is a grandfather clause in the context of voter registration?

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What is defined as the voting-eligible population (VEP)?

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Which group has the highest voter turnout according to the information provided?

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What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing voter turnout?

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What was the voter turnout percentage for the voting-eligible population in the 2020 election?

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Why might younger citizens be less likely to vote?

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What was the primary effect of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965?

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Which amendment abolished poll taxes in elections?

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What significant change occurred following the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder (2013)?

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What requirement must voters in Wisconsin adhere to regarding election betting?

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What is one reason some states have opted against online voter registration?

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What is a potential challenge for students when deciding where to register to vote?

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What role does the attorney general of the United States have under the Voting Rights Act?

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What factor contributes to lower voter turnout among students living far from home?

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What demographic factors are commonly used to predict voter turnout?

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Who founded Fair Fight Action in 2018 to promote voter turnout?

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Which states currently allow same-day voter registration?

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What was the impact of the Motor Voter Act on voter turnout from 1992 to 2012?

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What is one of the requirements for a person to be eligible to vote in the United States?

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What happens to voters in Louisiana if they are notified they have moved or become ineligible?

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What did Florida’s 2018 initiative petition accomplish regarding felony voting rights?

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Which age group had a higher voter registration rate in 2016?

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What was one of the goals of the organization Rock the Vote?

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What factor has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of voter turnout?

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Which demographic group had the highest voter turnout in 2020?

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What year marked a significant increase in voter turnout for college-aged voters due to Barack Obama's campaign?

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What was the voter turnout percentage among the voting-age population in the presidential election of 2020?

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Which of the following statements about voter ID laws is TRUE?

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In which case did the Supreme Court uphold Indiana's voter identification requirement?

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Which demographic was reported to have reduced voter turnout due to strict voter ID laws?

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Which country has mandatory voting laws that require citizens to participate in elections?

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Which demographic group is most likely to be disproportionately affected by photo ID requirements for voting?

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What impact did early voting have on Texas elections initially?

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What was one argument made against early and mail-only voting?

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Which of the following was a result of the allegations of voter suppression in the 2018 elections?

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What theory is suggested regarding voter behavior after October surprises in a campaign?

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Flashcards

Voter Registration

The process of officially enrolling to vote in a specific state. It can involve submitting forms or checking a box on other applications.

Voter Disenfranchisement

Laws and practices designed to prevent or restrict voting by certain groups, often targeting minorities. These methods can take many forms, including literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses.

Poll Taxes

Taxes imposed on voters as a requirement for voting. This practice was used to discourage voting, especially among low-income citizens.

Grandfather Clauses

Provisions that exempted individuals from certain voting restrictions if their ancestors had the right to vote before a specific date. This loophole was used to disenfranchise Black voters who couldn't trace their lineage.

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Literacy Tests

Tests that assessed a citizen's knowledge of government and history, used in some states to restrict voting. These tests were often administered unfairly, targeting Black voters.

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Voter Turnout

When registered voters choose to abstain from participating in an election.

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Voting-Age Population (VAP)

Citizens who are eligible to vote based on age and residency requirements.

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Absentee Ballot

When voters choose to mail in their ballots instead of going to a polling place.

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Vote by Mail

A form of voting that allows citizens to vote without being physically present at a polling place.

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Voter Registration Timeline

The process of registering to vote can vary depending on the state. Some states require registration to occur 30 days before an election, while others allow for same-day registration.

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Same-Day Registration

States that allow citizens to register to vote on the same day they cast their ballot.

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National Voter Registration Act (Motor Voter)

A law enacted in 1993 that aims to simplify voter registration by allowing citizens to register when applying for driver's licenses or Social Security benefits.

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Automatic Voter Registration

The process where a state automatically registers eligible citizens when they turn 18, using information from driver's licenses or state identification.

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Interstate Voter Registration Crosscheck Program

A system that allows states to check for duplicate voter registrations across different states to maintain accurate voter rolls.

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What was the Voting Rights Act?

The Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 aimed to protect the voting rights of minorities by prohibiting state laws that denied these rights based on race. It empowered the attorney general to oversee voter registration in areas with a history of discrimination.

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How did the Voting Rights Act address past discriminatory voting practices?

Before the VRA, states used tactics such as poll taxes and literacy tests to discourage African Americans from voting. The VRA addressed these discriminatory practices.

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How did the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder impact the Voting Rights Act?

The VRA required states with a history of discrimination to get approval from either the U.S. attorney general or the courts for any changes to their election laws. However, in 2013, the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder effectively weakened the VRA's enforcement.

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What are some modern approaches to voter registration?

Following the implementation of the VRA, many states have sought other methods to encourage voter registration, including online options. Arizona was the first state to offer online voter registration in 2002, allowing citizens with a driver's license to register conveniently.

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What are some concerns regarding online voter registration?

States have differing views on online registration due to concerns about voter fraud and security. However, online registration can be a convenient and safe way to register when combined with secure verification systems.

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Voting-Eligible Population (VEP)

The total number of citizens who are eligible to vote, including those who have not registered.

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Registered Voters

Citizens currently registered to vote in a specific election.

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Factors that Drive Voter Turnout

Factors that influence or predict voting behavior. These can include age, socioeconomic status, political affiliation, etc.

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Rock the Vote

The practice of using music, art, and popular culture to encourage youth participation in government, particularly voting.

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Socioeconomic Status & Voting

The combination of education, income, and social status, which can influence voting participation, with higher levels often associated with greater likelihood of voting.

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Efficacy & Voting

The belief that one's vote makes a difference in the outcome of an election, a key factor in motivating people to participate.

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Voting Rate by Age

The rate of voter participation among a specific age group, reflecting generational trends in political engagement.

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Voter ID Laws

The practice of requiring voters to show photo identification at polling places, aimed at preventing election fraud by verifying voter identity.

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Compulsory Voting Laws

A legal document that requires citizens to vote in elections, like in Belgium and Turkey.

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Expiration Date Requirement

A specific requirement in Indiana's voter ID law, stating that the identification presented must be current or expired within the last general election.

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Disproportionate Impact

An argument against strict voter ID laws, suggesting they disproportionately impact certain demographics like minorities and low-income citizens, making it harder for them to vote.

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Voter Suppression

A controversial strategy used to suppress voting by restricting access to polling places or by making it harder to register to vote.

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Mail-in Voting

The practice of voting from home by mail, instead of going to a polling place. It can increase voter turnout but also raise concerns about potential fraud.

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Chronic Minority

A term referring to citizens who regularly vote for third-party candidates or for candidates who are unlikely to win, often due to their minority status in a specific area.

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Voting Restrictions

The act of making it more difficult for people to vote, often through restrictive laws or limited voting hours, potentially impacting groups with less access to resources or time.

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October Surprise

A situation where a story with a highly negative impact about a candidate surfaces just before an election, potentially swaying voters' opinions.

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